【正文】 構(gòu)詞法(經(jīng)典) 構(gòu)詞法 一．合成法詞匯是英語學(xué)習(xí)者的主要障礙之一。英語構(gòu)詞法可以幫助我們正確辨認(rèn)單詞的詞形、詞性和理解詞意, 并迅速擴大詞匯量, 是學(xué)習(xí)英語的有效途徑。 合成法：兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的構(gòu)詞方法稱為合成法。1. 復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式有：(1)名詞+名詞如：newspaper報紙 teamwork 協(xié)作(2)形容詞+名詞如：blackboard 黑板 highway 公路 (3)副詞+名詞如：overcoat大衣 underground 地鐵(4)名詞+介詞短語如：fatherinlaw岳父 motherinlaw 岳母2. 復(fù)合動詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：(1)副詞+動詞如：update更新 overlook 忽視(2)名詞+動詞如：sunbathe日光浴 proofread 校對3. 復(fù)合代詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：(1)代詞賓格或物主代詞+self/selves如: ourselves , itself (2)某些不定代詞+body/ thing / one如: nobody, everything.4. 復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：(1)名詞+形容詞如：colourblind色盲的(2)副詞+形容詞如：oversensitive過敏的(3)名詞+分詞如：handmade手工制作的(4) 形容詞+名詞如：goodlooking好看的 (5) 副詞+分詞如：wellmeant好意的 outstanding 出色的(6) 形容詞+名詞如：gentleman 紳士 greengrocer 水果商 (7)形容詞+名詞+ ed如： illmannered 不禮貌的(8)數(shù)詞+名詞+(ed)如：twofaced兩面派的 onesided 片面的(9)名詞+名詞+ed如：ironwilled有鋼鐵意志的5. 復(fù)合副詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：(1)名詞+名詞, 如：sideways向旁邊(2)名詞+副詞, 如：headfirst頭朝下(3)形容詞+名詞, 如：meanwhile同時(4)介詞+名詞, 如：beforehand事先一、請找出下列句中的合成詞, 并說明構(gòu)成的類型并指出其意義。（所有句子均選自008廣東高考卷）1. This fully updated book features the latest information about study opportunities.即時練習(xí)1. updated副詞+分詞→形容詞 最新的 2. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.2. shorttempered 副詞+分詞→形容詞 易怒的3. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive selfimage and learn to love yourself.3. selfimage 名詞+名詞→名詞 自我形象4. This towvolume Guide features uptodate and indepth information about UK course options and institutions.4. towvolume 數(shù)次+名詞→形容詞 兩卷的5. He is said to be “undersized,” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.5. undersized副詞+分詞→形容詞 個子小的6. Not all of these fairies are the friendly, peopleloving characters that appear in Disney films and in some folktales, they are cruel. 6. peopleloving 名詞+分詞→形容詞 熱愛人們的7. There are more outbreaks in cities with large populations.7. outbreaks 副詞+名詞→名詞 爆發(fā)8. I enclose a selfaddressed envelope.8. selfaddressed 名詞+分詞→形容詞 寫明發(fā)信人自己的地址的 二． 轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法：不添加任何成分, 不改變詞形, 把一個詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。如： button (鈕扣)→ to button (扣鈕扣) native (本地的)→ native (本地人)1. 有大量的動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞(1)有時意思沒有太大的變化。如：①have a look (chat, talk, wash, swim, rest, try, quarrel, interview, taste, etc)②make a study (guess, visit, call, survey, jump, slip, change, answer, advance, etc) ③e to a stop (end, pause) (2)有時意思有一定的變化： He was about the same build as his 。Women have an equal say in 。 2. 有相當(dāng)多的名詞可以當(dāng)動詞用(1)許多表示物件的名詞可以用做動詞, 表示動作。 Have you booked your ticket？ (預(yù)定)It can seat a thousand people. (容納) (2)有些表示身體部位的名詞活用來做動詞。 We39。ll back you up. (支持)We39。ll head for Yunnan tomorrow. (朝……前進(jìn))(3)一些表示一類人的名詞也可用做動詞。If so, we shall be badly fooled. (上當(dāng)) We were hosted by members of the embassy. (款待) (4)一些表示其他實物的名詞也可用做動詞。This helped to bridge over our difficulties. (度過) For six days and nights they battled to save his life.(苦戰(zhàn)) (5)一些抽象名詞等也可以用做動詞。Through my childhood, I had hungered for education.(盼望)Over 1000 students stormed into the building .(沖進(jìn)) 即時練習(xí)：根據(jù)黑體詞在句中所作句子成分, 判斷其詞性及其意義。(所有句子均選自008廣東高考卷)1. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.doubts 名詞 疑慮2. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk39。s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. 2. profit 不及物動詞 獲利, 賺錢 mistake 名詞 錯誤3. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?3. ruled 及物動詞 統(tǒng)治 profit 名詞 利潤, 贏利, 利益4. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. 4. change 名詞 改變5. This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK.5. access 名詞 接觸 (使用, 接近) 的機會(方法, 門路), 捷徑 range 名詞 范圍6. They marked the hours on candles and used sand in hourglasses.6. mark 及物動詞 做標(biāo)記于,標(biāo)明, 記錄7. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.7. offer 名詞 提議8. That39。s why your mommy and I have named you Ari.8. name 及物動詞 命名9. I love this feeling of protecting you and dreaming of all I have in store for you.9. store 名詞 貯藏, 貯存10. Some of the disease39。s spread is due to global warming. 10. spread 名詞 蔓延, 傳播1. 有不少形容詞也可以用做動詞。如：(1)The train slowed down to half its speed.(減慢) (2)This is the chief way of narrowing the differences between them.(縮小) (3)Please warm up the dish over the stove.(熱一下) (4)The room gradually quieted down.(安靜下來) (5)Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.(糾正) (6)Nothing dries sooner than a tear.(干) (7)Shelly was unable to calm her. (使鎮(zhèn)靜)(8)They braved the bitter cold to plete the railway.(不顧) (9)Most of these rivers empty into the Pacific Ocean.(流入) (10)Don39。t dirty your clothes. (弄臟)(11)He felt himself wronged.(受了委屈) (12)The newspaper had been yellowed by sunlight. (使變黃) (13)He lowered his voice. (降低)2. 有不少形容詞可用做名詞。如：(1)Nobles constituted seven per cent of the population. (貴族) (2)When is your French oral? (口語課) (3)Their jobless total (總數(shù)) reached a record high (高峰) since 1940. (4)There is only one black in my class. (黑人) (5)She is investigating the ancients’ conception of the universe. (古人) (6)He is a natural for the job. (天生適合……的人) (7)It is necessary to make a distinction between right and wrong. (是與非) (8)They are running in the final . (決賽) (9)Our six yearold is at school. (六歲的孩子)再如: in short, for short, in general, for free, in red, i