【正文】 2010年6月英語四級(jí)閱讀[ 201036 ]四級(jí)考試閱讀理解技巧　　—— 怎樣回答閱讀理解中的推理性問題　　關(guān)于推理性問題（Inference）　　推理性問題與細(xì)節(jié)性問題相似，也是對(duì)文章具體內(nèi)容的判斷。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表達(dá)的字面含義，還要掌握一定的邏輯判斷能力及寫作技巧知識(shí)，從文章表面推出更深層含義，這部分往往出題分量大，難度大，出錯(cuò)也最多，歸根結(jié)底還是對(duì)文章內(nèi)　　容沒有做到真正的理解和掌握?！　nference類問題主要包括Significance和Communication Techniques兩大類?！　?. Significance　　文字表面往往沒有明顯反映作者的全部意圖，有些含義需要讀者從字里行間去體會(huì)，靠自己的邏輯推理能力去判斷，從上下文的聯(lián)貫及文中有關(guān)部分的暗示去明析作者隱含的意思。這類問題的命題方式有：　　(1)The writer implies but not directly states that__________.　　(2) It can be inferred from the passage that_________.　　(3) The author strongly suggests that__________ .　　(4) It can be concluded from the passage that________.　　(5) The passage is intended to__________ .　　(6)The writer indicates that__________ .　　Example　　Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we were to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example　　At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a fullscale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.　　The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment , it is not unmon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.　　Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized ( 分散的 )nursing administration。 every floor, every unit is a selfcontained organization. There are nurse managers instead of head nurses,` in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary remendations. Each unit’s nurse decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when. Beth Israel’s nurseinchief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.　　It can be inferred from the passage that__________.　　A）pared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient .　　B)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries　　C）in most hospitals nurses get low salaries　　D) pared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hour at Beth Israel Hospital　　本題要求考生判斷4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)是根據(jù)文章可以推斷出的結(jié)論，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容作出合理的推斷。從本題所提供的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)來看，文章并未談及護(hù)士的耐心（A）。也未談及護(hù)士的工資待遇（Q），只是說到護(hù)士的工資提升要由各科室推薦；更未涉及護(hù)士的工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短（D）），文章的第一段最后一句才是得出正確答案的依據(jù)，這句的意思是：如果我們確要解決護(hù)理工作不足的問題，那么各地醫(yī)院的行政部門和醫(yī)生最好還是效法一下Beth Israel醫(yī)院，主句的虛擬語氣也說明這一點(diǎn)：迄今為止還未做到。由此可以推斷：①護(hù)理不充分是一個(gè)應(yīng)該解決的問題；②這個(gè)問題普遍存在，否則就沒有必要要求各地醫(yī)院行政部門和醫(yī)生效法這家醫(yī)院的做法。因此本題的正確答案為B)，本題屬于局域型問題的間接性問題，這類問題是考生出錯(cuò)最多的題型。在做這類問題時(shí)，切忌從篇章的個(gè)別句子中尋找答案，而應(yīng)把目光放在全篇的理解上：作者寫這篇文章的目的是什么，針對(duì)什么問題，如何解決等。有許多考生可能都有這種體驗(yàn)：有的問題，第一遍閱讀時(shí)做對(duì)了，第二遍再細(xì)讀后，又改錯(cuò)了。這就是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谧x第二遍時(shí)注意了對(duì)篇章的個(gè)別句于的推敲，而忽視了整篇文章的大意?！　?． Communication Techniques　　文章中的每一句話都有它的作用和目的，都是為作者的寫作而服務(wù)的。有的是下層意思的鋪墊，有的是上旬話的結(jié)果，互相襯托，互相聯(lián)系。四級(jí)閱讀中常常就技巧性問題提問，測(cè)試讀者對(duì)文章是否正確理解。這類題的命題方式有：　　(1)The fact . . . is mentioned by the author to show _________.　　(2)The author achieves his purpose by depending mainly upon　　(3)The writer talks about . . . in order io_________ .　　(4) In discussing . . . , the author ._________　　(5)The author’s statement about . . . is a . . . for . . . Example :　　If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you e to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened, `n