【正文】
數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表示順序。一、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1.1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即: 2.13—19的基數(shù)詞以teen結(jié)尾。如:但13,15,18較特殊, 13— 15— 18— 。 3.20—90的整十位均以ty結(jié)尾。如: sixty,seventy,但20,30,40,50,80,90較特殊, 20— 30— 40— 50— 80— 90— 。 4.十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“”,如:28—twentyeight,96—ninetysix。 5.百位和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and,如:148—one hundred and fortyeight 406—four hundred and six。 6.hundred(百), (千), (百萬(wàn)), (十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百萬(wàn)— 7.2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eightfour thousand two hundred and ninetysix; 8.hundred,thousand,million用復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾名詞時(shí)要用“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,如:數(shù)以百計(jì)的年輕人hundreds of young people;數(shù)以千計(jì)的書(shū)thousands of books。注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其前面不能加具體的數(shù)詞,但可加several或 many。遵循兩無(wú)原則 9.基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如:一個(gè)五歲的男孩a fiveyearold boy;一座800米長(zhǎng)的橋 ; 10.句型:主語(yǔ)+is +about(大約)/ over =more than(超過(guò))/nearly(接近)+具體數(shù)詞+meter(s)/kilometer(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)6300公里。 The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long. 二、序數(shù)詞 1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞可利用口訣巧記:“一、二、三,特殊記,八去“t”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,見(jiàn)“y”變成“i”和“e”,詞尾加上“th”,若是遇到幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以?!钡谝?、第二、第三分別: , , ,eight—eighth nine— ,five— ,twelve— ,twenty— ,forty—fortieth,twentyfive— 。 2.其余情況均在基數(shù)詞后加th。如: six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。 (3)序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式為:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上這個(gè)詞的末尾兩個(gè)字母。 1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd三、數(shù)詞的用法1. 基數(shù)詞的用法(1) 基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),例如: (2) 表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí),hundred, thousand, million一律不用復(fù)數(shù);在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.(3) 表示“……十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來(lái)表示人的歲數(shù)或年代,例如: He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s.(4) 表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。例如:We get up at six. 表示“幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分”,用介詞past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如:ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve 表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞to, 但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如:twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten 表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如:seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty2. 序數(shù)詞的用法(1)(1)序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。 eg. Tom is their second son. He is the first one to e here. John lives on the fifteenth floor.(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來(lái)表示“再一”,“又一”這樣的意思,例如: We39。ll have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time??。?)表示日期。①年份,每?jī)晌粩?shù)讀一個(gè)詞。②先月后日,日子要讀成序數(shù)詞。③先日后月,加OF。年,月。日的話年放最后,用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。(4)表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子用基數(shù)詞表示,分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí),分母加s。例如:three fourths, one second, two fifths(四、數(shù)詞在生活中的應(yīng)用 1.鐘點(diǎn)的表示:小時(shí)、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。 2.編號(hào)的表示:① Lesson One =the first lesson第一課; Bus No.3=the No.3bus 3路公共汽車(chē);② 表示住所時(shí)不用“No.”如:302房間—Room 302(讀作:room three o two);③ 如果編號(hào)的數(shù)詞比較長(zhǎng),一般用基數(shù)詞。如:Page 457第457頁(yè);⑤電話號(hào)碼,用基數(shù)詞,可單個(gè)讀,重復(fù)的數(shù)字也可讀“double”,如:3855633—three eight five five(double five) six three three(double three)。 3.年月日的表示:。 4.分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá): 5.倍數(shù)的表達(dá):一倍用once,兩倍用 ,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞+ 。如:5倍 。 小數(shù)的小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point,零讀作o[u]或zero,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)字按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。百分?jǐn)?shù)(%),讀作per cent (percent),但不論是多少均用作單數(shù)形式不能加s。表示日期有兩種說(shuō)法和四種寫(xiě)法,如:2月1號(hào)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法為:the first of February而美語(yǔ)為February (the) first,但其書(shū)寫(xiě)上可有四種寫(xiě)法① February 1 ② February 1st ④ 1/2。五、特殊用法 1.?dāng)?shù)詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如: Two months is quite a long time.Four and two is six.What39。s two and three? 2.一個(gè)半小時(shí)(一年半,一個(gè)半月可類推)one/an hour and a half = 。 3.不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前表又一、再一。如:I39。ve tried three times,let me try a fourth time.意為:我已經(jīng)試過(guò)三次,讓我再試一次吧。 基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù): a. 與of 短語(yǔ)連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連 用,如scores of people 指許多人; b. 在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里; 如:They arrived in twos and t