【正文】 Chapter 22, Section Chapter 22 Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914) Copyright 169。 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. World History: Connection to Today Chapter 22, Section Copyright 169。 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 22: Life in the Industrial Age (1800–1914) Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads Section 2: The World of Cities Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values Section 4: A New Culture World History: Connection to Today Chapter 22, Section The Industrial Revolution Spreads ? What industrial powers emerged in the 1800s? ? What impact did new technology have on industry, transportation, and munication? ? How did big business emerge in the late 1800s? 1 Chapter 22, Section New Industrial Powers ? Belgium became the first European nation outside Britain to industrialize. ? Germany united into a powerful nation in 1871. Within a few decades, it became Europe’s leading industrial power. ? The United States made rapid technological advances, especially after the Civil War. By 1900, American industry led the world in production. ? Japan industrialized rapidly after 1868. ? Canada, New Zealand, and Australia built thriving industries. ? Eastern and southern Europe industrialized more slowly. These nations lacked natural resources or the capital to invest. During the early Industrial Revolution, Britain stood alone as the world’s industrial giant. By the mid1800s, other nations had joined the race, and several newers were challenging Britain’s industrial supremacy. 1 Chapter 22, Section Centers of Industry 1 Chapter 22, Section Technology and Industry Alessandro Volta developed the first battery. Michael Faraday created the first electric motor and the first dynamo, a machine that generates electricity. Thomas Edison made the first electric light bulb. Chemists created hundreds of new products. New chemical fertilizers led to increased food production. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. Henry Bessemer developed a process to produce stronger steel. Steel quickly became the major material used in tools, bridges, and railroads. ELECTRICITY CHEMICALS STEEL The marriage of science, technology, and industry spurred economic growth. To improve efficiency, manufacturers designed products with interchangeable parts. They also introduced the assembly line. 1 Chapter 22, Section Advances in Transportation and Communication TRANSPORTATION ?Steamships replaced sailing ships. ?Rail lines connected inland cities and seaports, mining regions and industrial centers. ?Nikolaus Otto invented a gasolinepowered internal bustion engine. ?Karl Benz patented the first automobile. ?Henry Ford began mass producing cars. ?Orville and Wilbur Wright designed and flew the first airplane. COMMUNICATION ?Samuel Morse developed the telegraph. ?Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. ?Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio. During the second Industrial Revolution, transportation and munication were transformed by technology. 1 Chapter 22, Section The Rise of Big Business New technologies required the investment of large amounts of money. To obtain capital