【正文】 黑龍江大學(xué) 學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文 論文題目： 基于單片機(jī)的恒溫控制系統(tǒng)的開發(fā) 學(xué) 院： 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 年 級(jí)： 2020 專 業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 穆玉偉 學(xué) 號(hào)： 20202569 指導(dǎo)教師： 趙月容 2020 年 5 月 19 日 I 摘 要 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們需要對(duì)各 種 加熱爐中溫度進(jìn) 行監(jiān)測(cè)和控制。采用單片機(jī)對(duì) 其進(jìn)行 控制不僅具有控制方便，簡(jiǎn)單和靈活性大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而且 能夠提高被控對(duì)象的控制品質(zhì) ，從而能夠大大 地 提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量。 PID 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng) 作為一種重要的控制 ，在化工、食品等諸多工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 本文主要 介紹了基于單片機(jī)的 恒溫控制系統(tǒng)的開發(fā) 。 本文詳細(xì)闡述了基于單片機(jī)的溫度控制系統(tǒng)的硬件組成、軟件設(shè)計(jì)及相關(guān)的接口電路設(shè)計(jì) ， 并且充分考慮了系統(tǒng)的可靠性，采取了相應(yīng)的措施予以保證。針對(duì)控制對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)，在系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制算法進(jìn)行了仿真研究，并在單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)了控制算 法 ， 最后針對(duì)溫控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析表明本文所述的基于單片機(jī)的 恒溫 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)的合理性和有效性。 關(guān)鍵詞 單片機(jī) ； 溫度控制 ； 數(shù)字 PID控制 II Abstract Along with national economy development, the people need to each heating furnace， the temperature carry on the monitor and the control. Not only uses the monolithic integrated circuit to e to them to control has the control to be convenient, simple and flexibility big and so on merits, moreover may enhance large scale is accused the temperature technical specification, thus can big enhance the product the quality and quantity. PID temperature control, as an important control device, has been widely used in producing chemical products, foods and many other fields. The paper mainly introduces based on a temperature control system. The hardware and software of the temperature control system and the design of relevant interface circuit are described in this paper. The reliability of the system is specially considered, and a series of measures are realized. According to the difficulty to control of the system, methods of system control are analyzed based on the system Identification, and realized the control algorithm in the Microcontroller system. The experiment data shows that the design of temperature control system based on Microcontroller is availability and rationality. Key words Microcontroller ； Temperature control system； Digital PID control 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................ I Abstract ....................................................................................................................... II 第一章 緒論 ........................................................................................................... 1 概述 ................................................................................................................................................ 1 溫度測(cè)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................ 1 定值開關(guān)控溫法 ................................................................................................................... 2 PID 線性控溫法 ................................................................................................................... 2 智能溫度控制法 ................................................................................................................... 3 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................................................................................................. 3 系統(tǒng)性能要求及特點(diǎn) .......................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)硬件方案分析 .............................................................................................................. 5 系統(tǒng)軟件方案分析 .............................................................................................................. 5 第二章 單片機(jī) ....................................................................................................... 7 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部模塊 ...................................................................................................................... 7 MCS51 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部結(jié) 構(gòu) .................................................................................................. 7 MCS51 輸入 /輸出端口的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能 .......................................................................... 8 MCS51 單片機(jī)的引腳及其功能 ..................................................................................... 8 8051系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................. 9 單片機(jī)外總線結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................. 9 芯片的擴(kuò)展設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................................... 10 第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 12 溫度檢測(cè)和變送器 .............................................................................................................. 12 接口電路 .................................................................................................................................. 13 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ......................................................................................................................... 15 可控硅驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 ................................................................................................................... 16 PID 控制 ................................................................................................................................... 17 硬件抗干擾措施 .................................................................................................................... 21 第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 22 主程序 ........................................................................................................................................ 22 T0 中斷服務(wù)程序 .................................................................................................................. 24 采樣子程序 ..........