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內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(畢業(yè)論文) 題 目 : 基于單片機(jī)的電阻爐 溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名: *** 學(xué) 號(hào): 0511230 專 業(yè):測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器 班 級(jí): 測(cè)控 073班 指導(dǎo)教師: *** 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(畢業(yè)論文) I 基于單片機(jī)的電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 電阻爐是利用電流通過(guò)電阻體產(chǎn)生的熱量來(lái)加熱或熔化物料的一類電爐 。 電阻爐在化工、冶金等行業(yè)應(yīng)用廣泛,因此溫度控制在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)研究中具有重要意義 [1]。 電阻爐由爐體、電氣控制系統(tǒng)和輔助系統(tǒng)組成。爐體由爐殼、加熱器、爐襯 (包括隔熱屏)等部件組成 [2]。電氣控制系統(tǒng)包括電子線路、微機(jī)控制、儀表顯示及電氣部件等。輔助系統(tǒng)通常指?jìng)鲃?dòng)系統(tǒng)、真空系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)等, 隨 爐種的不同而已。 本設(shè)計(jì) 采 用單片機(jī)作為數(shù)據(jù)處理與控制單元, 用熱電偶作為 測(cè)量元件,用固態(tài)繼電器作為輸出控制元件來(lái) 實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電阻爐溫度自動(dòng)控制。 單片機(jī)控制 K 型 熱電偶溫度傳感器,把溫度信號(hào)通過(guò) A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 采集 到單片機(jī) 里 。單片機(jī) 經(jīng) 數(shù)據(jù)處理 、 PID 運(yùn)算, 發(fā)出控制信息改變執(zhí)行模塊的狀態(tài), 同時(shí) 用 LED 顯示 顯示值 PV、 設(shè)定值 SV[3]。 本設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò) 4 個(gè)按鍵 來(lái)進(jìn)行人機(jī)交互和 LED 顯示 ,進(jìn)而使電阻 爐的溫度始終保持在要求范圍內(nèi)。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 電阻爐;溫度; 單片機(jī) ; PID控制 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(畢業(yè)論文) II Res is tance Furnace Temperature Control Sys tem Based on Single chip Computer Abstract The resistance furnace is using the electric current through the resistance body heat generation to heating or melting of a class of materials electric stove. The resistance furnace in chemical industry, metallurgy industry, etc, so the temperature control is widely used in industrial production and scientific research of to have the important meaning. Resistance furnace, the furnace, the electric control system and auxiliary systems. Furnace shell, heater, by furnace lining (including insulation screen) and etc. Electrical control system including electronic circuits, microputer control, the instrument shows and electrical parts, etc. Auxiliary system usually refers to the transmission system, vacuum system, cooling system, etc, with the difference of the boiler. This design USES the single chip microputer as the data processing and the control unit, the thermocouples used as measuring element, with solid state relay as the output control elements to achieve resistance furnace temperature automatic control. Singlechip microputer control of the temperature sensor, K thermocouple temperature signal through the A/D converter collection to the chip. The singlechip microputer data processing, PID operation, a control information change executive module form, and the display value, in LED display PV, set data SV. This design through the 4 buttons for humanputer interaction and LED display, and the resistance furnace temperature remains in the requirements range. Key words: The resistance furnace。 Temperature。 SCM。 PID control 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(畢業(yè)論文) III 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 緒論 ....................................................................................................................................1 溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的背景、發(fā)展歷史及意義 ....................................................................1 溫度控制系統(tǒng)的目的和功能 ................................................................................................2 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................................................2 第二章 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................3 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案的論證與比較 ................................................................................................3 最小系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 ................................................................................................................4 單片機(jī) .............................................................................................................................5 單片機(jī)的主控單元 .........................................................................................................6 復(fù)位電路 .........................................................................................................................8 時(shí)鐘電路 .........................................................................................................................9 溫度采集與傳感器 ..............................................................................................................10 放大電路 .......................................................................................................................12 溫度傳感器的選擇 .......................................................................................................13 熱電偶溫度信號(hào)的線性化 ...........................................................................................15 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 ................................................................................................................16 數(shù)字 PID 算法 ..............................................................................................................18 人機(jī)交互電路 ......................................................................................................................20 按鍵 ...............................................................................................................................20 顯 示電路 .......................................................................................................................22 串口通信 ..............................................................................................................................25 輸出電路設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................................26 報(bào)警單元 .......................................................................................................................26 輸出控制單元 ...............................................................................................................26 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(畢業(yè)論文) IV 第三章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................................................................28