【正文】 湖 南 科 技 大 學瀟湘學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）題目作者學院專業(yè)學號指導教師二〇〇 年 月 日湖南科技大學畢業(yè)設計I基于單片機的電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)設計摘 要電阻爐是利用電流通過電阻體產(chǎn)生的熱量來加熱或熔化物料的一類電爐。電阻爐在化工、冶金等行業(yè)應用廣泛，因此溫度控制在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和科學研究中具有重要意義。電阻爐由爐體、電氣控制系統(tǒng)和輔助系統(tǒng)組成。爐體由爐殼、加熱器、爐襯（包括隔熱屏）等部件組成。電氣控制系統(tǒng)包括電子線路、微機控制、儀表顯示及電氣部件等。輔助系統(tǒng)通常指傳動系統(tǒng)、真空系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)等，隨爐種的不同而已。本設計采用單片機作為數(shù)據(jù)處理與控制單元，用熱電偶作為測量元件，用固態(tài)繼電器作為輸出控制元件來實現(xiàn)對電阻爐溫度自動控制。單片機控制 K 型熱電偶溫度傳感器，把溫度信號通過 A/D 轉換器采集到單片機里。單片機經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)處理、 PID 運算，發(fā)出控制信息改變執(zhí)行模塊的狀態(tài)，同時用 LED 顯示顯示值 PV、設定值 SV。本設計通過 4 個按鍵來進行人機交互和 LED 顯示 ，進而使電阻爐的溫度始終保持在要求范圍內。關鍵詞：單片機；溫度；電阻爐； PID控制湖南科技大學畢業(yè)設計IIRes is tance Furnace Temperature Control Sys temBased on Single chip ComputerAbstract The resistance furnace is using the electric current through the resistance body heat generation to heating or melting of a class of materials electric stove. The resistance furnace in chemical industry, metallurgy industry, etc, so the temperature control is widely used in industrial production and scientific research of to have the important meaning. Resistance furnace, the furnace, the electric control system and auxiliary systems. Furnace shell, heater, by furnace lining (including insulation screen) and etc. Electrical control system including electronic circuits, microputer control, the instrument shows and electrical parts, etc. Auxiliary system usually refers to the transmission system, vacuum system, cooling system, etc, with the difference of the boiler.This design USES the single chip microputer as the data processing and the control unit, the thermocouples used as measuring element, with solid state relay as the output control elements to achieve resistance furnace temperature automatic control. Singlechip microputer control of the temperature sensor, K thermocouple temperature signal through the A/D converter collection to the chip. The singlechip microputer data processing, PID operation, a control information change executive module form, and the display value, in LED display PV, set data SV. This design through the 4 buttons for humanputer interaction and LED display, and the resistance furnace temperature remains in the requirements range.Key words：The resistance furnace。 Temperature。 SCM。 PID control湖南科技大學畢業(yè)設計III目錄摘 要 ...............................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................II第一章 緒論 ....................................................................................................................................1 溫度控制系統(tǒng)設計的背景、發(fā)展歷史及意義 .................................................................................................1第二章 系統(tǒng)總體方案設計與論證 ................................................................................................2 溫度控制系統(tǒng)的目的和功能 .............................................................................................................................2 設計內容 .............................................................................................................................................................2第三章 電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)硬件設計 ........................................................................................4 最小系統(tǒng)結構框圖 .............................................................................................................................................4 單片機 ...........................................................................................................................................................4 單片機的主控單元 .......................................................................................................................................5 復位電路 .......................................................................................................................................................7 時鐘電路 .......................................................................................................................................................8 溫度采集與傳感器 ..............................................................................................................................................9 放大電路 .....................................................................................................................................................11 溫度傳感器的選擇 .....................................................................................................................................12 數(shù)字 PID 算法 ............................................................................................................................................17 按鍵 .............................................................................................................................................................19 報警單元 .....................................................................................................................................................25 輸出控制單元 .............................................................................................................................................25第四章 軟件設計 ..........................................................................................................................27 設計思路 ............................................................................................................................................................27 采樣程序 .....................................................................................................................................................29 顯示子程序 .................................................................................................................................................30 按鍵子程序 .................................................................................................................................................31 PID 控制 子程序 ....