【正文】
I 摘 要 在綠色再生能源得到廣泛應(yīng)用的今天,太陽能因為其獨特的優(yōu)勢而得到青睞。但因為光伏電池的輸出特性受外界環(huán)境因素影響大,而且,光伏電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率低且價格昂貴,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的初期投入較大,為有效利用太陽能,需要對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)加以有效的控制。本文著重對光伏陣列的最大功率點跟蹤控制技術(shù)進行了詳細的理論分析,建立了 MATLAB 仿真模型,提出了相應(yīng)的控制策略,并進行了實驗驗證。 首先,本文對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的組成進行了分析,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要包括光伏陣列、電力電子變換器、儲能系統(tǒng)和負載等。根據(jù)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和電網(wǎng) 的關(guān)系,還可以把它分為獨立發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。 然后,本文對光伏電池的電氣特性進行了分析,并建立了光伏電池的仿真模型。同時,本文對常用的最大功率點跟蹤( MPPT)方法:導(dǎo)納增量法( Incremental Conductance)、擾動觀測法( Pamp。O)進行了仔細的分析,并提出了改進的方法:通過模糊控制實現(xiàn)占空比跟蹤的方法。這些方法各有千秋,在不同的應(yīng)用場合各有所長。 關(guān)鍵詞: 光伏電池;最大功率點跟蹤;爬山法;電導(dǎo)增量法;模糊控制; MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真 ; II ABSTRACT With the green and renewable energy be widely used, solar energy is accepted monly because of its unusual advantages. But the output of photovoltaic(PV) array is influenced by the environmental factors, and PV array have relatively low conversion efficiency and is expensive. In order to reduce the overall system cost and extract the maximum possible solar energy, we should control the PV system effectively. This paper focuses on MPPT control techniques of PV array, analyses the theory particularly, establishes simulation model with MATLAB software, presents control strategies relevantly, and validated by experimental results. Firstly, this paper analyses the posing of the PV system. It is posed by PV array、 power electronics converters、 power storage system and loads. We can divide the PV system into two types: standalone PV system and gridconnected PV system by the relationship with the grid. Secondly, this paper analyses the electrical characteristics of PV cell and establishes simulation model, and also analyses monly used MPPT methods, such as Incremental Conductance method、 Pamp。O method. And then presents three improved methods: Open Circuit method、 Optimal Gradient method、 ThreePoint Weight Comparison method. These methods each has his strong point and can be used in different field. Keywords: Photo voltaic cell, MPPT, Pamp。Q , Incremental Conductance method, Fuzzy controller, MATLAB/SIMULINK. III 目 錄 摘 要 (中文) ………………………………………… ...…………………………………… ...I (英文) ……………………………………………… ...…………………………… .… ..II 第一章 概述 ...................................................... 1 1. 1 研究背景 .......................................................................................................... 1 1. 2 研究現(xiàn)狀 .......................................................................................................... 1 1. 2. 1 光伏電源系統(tǒng) .............................................................................................. 1 1. 2. 2 最大功率點跟蹤 ................................................................................... 1 1. 2. 3 電力電子仿真工具 ................................................................................ 1 1. 3 研究內(nèi)容 .......................................................................................................... 2 1. 4 研究意義 .......................................................................................................... 2 1. 5 實現(xiàn)方法及預(yù)期目標 ........................................................................................ 3 第二章 光伏電池特性的研究 ................................................................................... 3 2. 1 光伏電池的分類 ................................................................................................ 3 2. 2 光伏電池的工作原理 ........................................................................................ 4 PN結(jié)簡介 ................................................................................................. 4 光伏電池的工作原理 ................................................................................. 5 2. 3 光伏電池的電氣特性 ........................................................................................ 5 2. 3. 1 光伏電池輸出特性方程 ......................................................................... 5 2. 3. 2 光伏電池模組與陣列 ............................................................................ 7 2. 4 光伏電池的仿真實現(xiàn) ......................................................................................... 8 2. 4. 1 仿真原理與模型 .................................................................................... 8 2. 4. 2 光伏電池的特性分析 .......................................................................... 10 2. 5 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................... 13 第三章 最大功率點跟蹤算法的研究 ................................................................. 13 3. 1 光伏系統(tǒng)的最大功率點跟蹤 ............................................................................ 13 3. 2 常用的最大功率點跟蹤算法 ............................................................................ 15 3. 2. 1 爬山法 (P& O) ................................................................................. 15 3. 2. 2 爬山法仿真結(jié)果及其分析 ................................................................. 18 3. 2. 3 導(dǎo)納增量( Incremental Conductance)法 .............................................. 19 3. 2. 4 導(dǎo)納法仿真結(jié)果及其分析 .................................................................... 21 3. 3 優(yōu)缺點分析 .................................................................................................... 22 3. 3. 1 爬山法分析 ......................................................................................... 22 3. 3. 2 導(dǎo)納法分析 ......................................................................................... 22 3. 4 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................... 22 第四章 自適應(yīng)占空比擾動模糊控制法 ............................................................... 23 4. 1 模糊控制的基本原理 ...................................................................................... 23 4. 2 模糊控制規(guī)則庫的建立 ....................................................................................