【正文】 ⅠSHANDONGＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ?。希啤。裕牛茫龋危希蹋希牵佼?業(yè) 論 文基于 ndhF 序列的植物遺傳關(guān)系分析學(xué) 院 ： 生 命 科 學(xué) 學(xué) 院 專(zhuān) 業(yè) ： 生 物 技 術(shù) 摘要Ⅰ中文摘要隨著分子生物學(xué)和生物信息學(xué)的快速發(fā)展, 基于各種分子數(shù)據(jù)的分析已成為植物系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究的主要手段, 其中以 DNA 序列的比較分析應(yīng)用最為廣泛。植物擁有 3 套基因組, 按進(jìn)化速率由快到慢依次為核基因組( nDNA) 、葉綠體基因組( cpDNA) 和線粒體基因組(mtDNA) (Wolfe et al. , 1987) 。每套基因組內(nèi)不同區(qū)域的核苷酸進(jìn)化速率不同, 為各分類(lèi)階元的系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究提供了豐富的變異來(lái)源。 ndhF 是葉綠體功能基因，該基因共含有 21 個(gè)編輯位點(diǎn), 且這 21 個(gè)位點(diǎn)均為部分編輯。生物信息學(xué)分析及與其它物種比對(duì)結(jié)果表明, ndhF C290 位編輯可能會(huì)影響該蛋白的正確折疊。進(jìn)一步使用單克隆酶切方法測(cè)定了不同脅迫處理對(duì) ndhF C290 位編輯效率的影響。論文基于 ndhF 序列對(duì)幾種植物進(jìn)行了遺傳關(guān)系分析。首先從 GenBank 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中篩選植物序列，所得序列利用軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析，根據(jù)遺傳距離及分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)分析對(duì) ndhF 片段長(zhǎng)度對(duì)比，研究并分析菊屬、紫草屬、狗尾草屬植物的遺傳關(guān)系。關(guān)鍵字：ndhF ，分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)，遺傳關(guān)系分析， GenBank 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)ABSTRACTⅡAbstractWith the development of molecular biology and bioinformatics of rapid development, based on a variety of molecular data analysis has bee the main means of plant systematics research, of which DNA parative sequence analysis is most widely used. The plant has 3 sets of genome, according to the evolutionary rate from fast to slow in the nuclear genome, chloroplast genome ( nDNA ) ( cpDNA ) and mitochondrial genome ( mtDNA ) ( Wolfe et al.,1987). Each genome within different regions of nucleotide evolution rate, for each taxon of the system science research provides a rich source of variation.ndhF is a function of chloroplast gene, the gene contains 21 edit sites, and these 21loci are part of editing. Bioinformatics analysis and other species than the results show that, ndhF C290editors may influence the protein is correctly folded. Further use of monoclonal enzyme digestion method for the determination of the different stress treatments on ndhF C290editing efficiencyBased on the ndhF sequence of several plant performed a geic relationship analysis. First, from the GenBank database screening plant sequences, the sequence using the software according to the correlation analysis, geic distance and molecular phylogeic analysis of ndhF fragment length parison, research and analysis of geic relationship of orchidsKey words: ndhF geic, molecular systematics , GenBank database, relationship analysis目 錄 III 目 錄中文摘要 ............................................................................................................IABSTRACT......................................................................................................II目 錄 ..............................................................................................................III第一章 引 言 ............................................................................................ 1 課題背景和意義 ........................................................................................................................... 1 GenBank 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和 NCBI............................................................................................................ 1 菊屬、紫草屬、狗尾草植物 ....................................................................................................... 3 菊屬、紫草屬、狗尾草屬植物的概況 ................................................................................ 3 菊屬、紫草屬、狗尾草屬植物的觀賞價(jià)值 ........................................................................ 5 菊屬、紫草屬、狗尾草屬植物的藥用價(jià)值及其有效成分 ................................................ 5 DNA 序列分析在植物分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究中的應(yīng)用和難題 .......................................................... 7 分子系統(tǒng)學(xué) ............................................................................................................................. 7 DNA 序列分析在植物分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究中的應(yīng)用 .............................................................. 8 DNA 序列在植物分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究中的發(fā)展 ....................................................................... 8 由 DNA 單一序列分析向多序列分析發(fā)展 .................................................................. 8 由常用 DNA 片段分析向低拷貝核基因分析發(fā)展 ...................................................... 9 在植物分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究中常見(jiàn)的難題 ................................................................................ 9 系統(tǒng)分析結(jié)果存在沖突 .................................................................................................. 9 系統(tǒng)關(guān)系無(wú)法得到解決 ............................................................................................... 10 DNA 條形碼 ......................................................................................................................... 11 第二章 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 ........................................................................................ 14 材料與方法 ................................................................................................................................. 14 主要軟件 ............................................................................................................................... 14 數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源 .............................................................................................................................. 14 材料 ...................................................................................................................................... 14 數(shù)據(jù)分析 .............................................................................................................................. 17 第三章 結(jié)果與討論 ................................................................................... 18 目 錄 IV 結(jié)果分析 ..................................................................................................................................... 18 ndhF 序列長(zhǎng)度和 C+G 百分含量 ........................................................................................ 18 遺傳距離分析 ...................................................................................................................... 18 聚類(lèi)分析 .............................................................................................................................. 20 討論 ...........................................................................................................................................