【正文】 本 科 生 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計設(shè)計題目： 45 萬 t/a 甲醇精餾工段工藝設(shè)計 摘 要甲醇最早由木材和木質(zhì)素干餾制的，故俗稱木醇，這是最簡單的飽和脂肪組醇類的代表物。近年來，世界甲醇的生產(chǎn)能力發(fā)展速度較快。甲醇工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，是由于甲醇是多種有機產(chǎn)品的基本原料和重要的溶劑，廣泛用于有機合成、染料、醫(yī)藥、涂料和國防等工業(yè)。由甲醇轉(zhuǎn)化為汽油方法的研究成果，從而開辟了由煤轉(zhuǎn)換為汽車燃料的途徑。近年來碳一化學(xué)工業(yè)的發(fā)展，甲醇制乙醇、乙烯、乙二醇、甲苯、二甲苯、醋酸乙烯、醋酐、甲酸甲酯和氧分解性能好的甲醇樹脂等產(chǎn)品，正在研究開發(fā)和工業(yè)化中。甲醇化工已成為化學(xué)工業(yè)中一個重要的領(lǐng)域。本設(shè)計選擇了以 45 萬 t/a 甲醇精餾的產(chǎn)量作為生產(chǎn)計算與設(shè)計的任務(wù)，參考了河南永城永煤集團龍宇煤化工甲醇廠甲醇精餾的工藝，本設(shè)計從工藝角度對其生產(chǎn)過程和主要設(shè)備進行了物料衡算、塔設(shè)備簡捷法計算、熱量衡算、換熱器設(shè)計等工藝計算。關(guān)鍵詞：甲醇，精餾，物料衡算，熱量衡算目 錄1 總 論 ..............................................................................................................................1 概況 .........................................................................................................................1 甲醇的用途 ......................................................................................................1 甲醇精餾工藝技術(shù)比較 ...................................................................................1 甲醇精餾工藝的概況 ......................................................................................5 精餾的目的和原理和精餾塔的操作和調(diào)節(jié) .........................................................6 粗甲醇的組成與精制要求 ..............................................................................6 工藝原理 ..........................................................................................................7 影響因素 ........................................................................................................10 精餾塔的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制和調(diào)節(jié) ....................................................................11 甲醇的主要技術(shù)規(guī)格 ...........................................................................................12 甲醇的一般性質(zhì) ............................................................................................12 甲醇的沸點和蒸汽壓 ....................................................................................13 甲醇水系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì) .......................................................................................13 甲醇精餾工藝流程說明 .......................................................................................15 預(yù)精餾系統(tǒng) ....................................................................................................15 加壓精餾系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................15 常壓精餾系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................16 回收精餾系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................16 ..................................................................................17 計算參數(shù) ...............................................................................................................17 預(yù)精餾塔工藝計算 ................................................................................................18 物料衡算 .........................................................................................................18 全塔高度和塔徑的確定 .................................................................................19 加壓精餾塔工藝計算 ............................................................................................20 物料衡算 .........................................................................................................20 熱量衡算 .........................................................................................................23 理論塔板數(shù)計算 .............................................................................................25 精餾塔主要尺寸的設(shè)計計算 .........................................................................26 填料的選擇 .....................................................................................................31 塔徑設(shè)計的計算 .............................................................................................32 填料層高度的計算 .........................................................................................33 全塔高度的確定 .............................................................................................34 常壓精餾塔工藝計算 ............................................................................................37 物料衡算 .........................................................................................................37 熱量衡算 .........................................................................................................39 理論塔板數(shù)計算 .............................................................................................41 精餾塔主要尺寸的設(shè)計計算 .........................................................................43 填料的選擇 .....................................................................................................48 塔徑設(shè)計的計算 .............................................................................................48 填料層高度的計算 .........................................................................................49 全塔高度的確定 .............................................................................................50 回收精餾塔工藝計算 ............................................................................................53 物料衡算 .........................................................................................................53 熱量衡算 .........................................................................................................55 理論塔板數(shù)計算 .............................................................................................58 精餾塔主要尺寸的設(shè)計計算 .........................................................................60 填料的選擇 .....................................................................................................64 塔徑設(shè)計的計算 .............................................................................................65 填料層高度的計算 .........................................................................................66 全塔高度的確定 .............................................................................................67 筒體的厚度和封頭的厚度確定 .....................................................................69 粗甲醇預(yù)熱器 .....