【正文】 I / 87摘 要隨著礦井開采深度的增加以及煤層傾角的增大，回采巷道，特別是靠近采空區(qū)一側(cè)的巷道礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征與淺部的緩傾斜煤層呈現(xiàn)明顯不同，同時區(qū)段巷道壓力較大、維護困難，巷道維護問題已成為制約生產(chǎn)的主要環(huán)節(jié)，為此，本文結(jié)合平煤天安八礦實際情況，對深部回采巷道礦壓特征進行研究，同時對沿空掘巷留煤柱寬度及錨桿支護參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化，并通過現(xiàn)場試驗進行檢驗。采用 FLAC3D 數(shù)值模擬軟件模擬煤層傾角對側(cè)向支承壓力的影響，得出隨著煤層傾角的增大，側(cè)向應力峰值及卸壓區(qū)的范圍均減小，且角度越大峰值下降幅度越大。采用相似模擬實驗研究復雜條件下煤層開采側(cè)向支承壓力分布，得出深部開采條件下，支承壓力的影響范圍較淺部更大，應力集中系數(shù)更高；初次跨落步距較大，根據(jù)工作面?zhèn)认蝽敯褰Y(jié)構(gòu)和頂板支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的應力特點，將側(cè)向分為 4個區(qū)域。采用錨桿支護理論，相似模擬及數(shù)值模擬的實驗的結(jié)果，結(jié)合八礦地質(zhì)條件，對沿空掘巷留煤柱寬度及錨桿支護參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化。認為煤柱留寬以 為宜。對優(yōu)化后支護質(zhì)量進行檢驗，在己 1511150 回風巷布置測站，觀測頂?shù)装濉蓭鸵平考半x層情況，實驗結(jié)果表明位移量及離層情況較小，且過幾天后穩(wěn)定，說明優(yōu)化后效果明顯。針對沿空掘巷留小煤柱主要安全隱患是采空區(qū)瓦斯向采掘空間涌入和采空區(qū)水對采掘的影響問題的實際，分別采取鉆孔抽放瓦斯和工作面俯偽斜布置及探放水技術(shù)，取得了很好的效果關(guān)鍵詞：深部；回采巷道；支承壓力；錨桿支護優(yōu)化 III / 87AbstractWith the depth of mining and inclination increasing,the advance stress behavior in mining gateway especially near goaf have obvious diversity pare to shallow slow coal seam,meanwhile,the underground pressure in gateway is great,and difficulty supporting,has bee a major part of the production article study advance stress behavior in deep mining gaeway,pare to real geology in Pingdingshan,then optimize the width of pillow as driving roadway along goaf and parameter of bolting,at last,test the efferect through field trials.Study coal seam inclination effect to side abutment pressure by FLAC3D numerical simulation software,and find as the inclination increasing,the peak of side abutment pressure and the dimension of the region of stressrelief weaked, the greater the angle,the greater decrease in the peak. To adopt a similar simulation study of side abutment pressure under plex geology,and find the peak and dimension of butment pressure and initial transfalling length is greater than shollow mining, and divided side direction into four regions according to roof structure and roof supporting structure in working face.According to bolting theory, similar simulation, numerical simulation and real geology in pit of Pingdingshan, optimized the width of pillow as driving roadway along goaf and parameter of bolting,abtained the width is ～4m is suitable.In order to check the efferect to bolting after optimizing,laying observation station in J1511150 gateway to observe delamination and displacement of roof to floor and two ribs,and obtain that the delamination and displacement is little,and stabilizing after sevenal days,this indicae optization have evident result.According to the main risk is gas and water to hold small pillar while driving roadway along goaf,carry out drifting gas, down diagonal slice layout and water prospection and dewatering techonology,and it have evident result.Key words：deep；mining gateway；abutment pressure；Optimizing of Bolt SupportV / 87目 錄摘要 ...................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...................................................................................................................III1 緒論 ................................................................................................................................1 研究的背景和意義 ....................................................................................................1 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .........................................................................................................1 深部工程的發(fā)展趨勢 .................................................................................................................1 沿空掘巷上覆巖層活動規(guī)律的研究綜述 ..................................................................................2 沿空掘巷護巷煤柱的研究綜述 ..................................................................................................3 錨桿支護原理及技術(shù)的研究綜述 ..............................................................................................4 本文研究的內(nèi)容及技術(shù)研究路線 .............................................................................5 研究內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................................................................5 研究方法及技術(shù)路線 .................................................................................................................62 不同傾角條件下支承壓力分布規(guī)律的數(shù)值模擬研究 ...............................................7 概述 .............................................................................................................................7 FLAC3D 軟件簡介 .......................................................................................................7 模型的建立及參數(shù)的選取 ........................................................................................8 模型的建立 ..................................................................................................................................8 模擬地質(zhì)條件、煤巖參數(shù)及單元劃分 ......................................................................................9 計算的結(jié)果及分析 ..................................................................................................11 不同傾角側(cè)向支承壓力的模擬結(jié)果 .......................................................................................11 側(cè)支承壓力分布特征數(shù)據(jù)處理 ................................................................................................15 小結(jié) ...........................................................................................................................173 煤層開采相似模擬研究 ..............................................................................................19 概述 ...........................................................................................................................19 相似模擬實驗理論 ..................................................................................................19 相似定理 ...................................................................................................................................19 相似準則 ...................................................................................................................................20 相似材料模擬實驗設計 ..................................