【正文】
數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)I數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)摘 要本文首先介紹了軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)存在的問題,然后根據(jù)分析提出了數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。方案以 STC12C5410AD 為主微控制器,根據(jù)要求配置了主要的硬件電路模塊,主要有按鍵模塊,顯示模塊,電源模塊以及數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換模塊。其中電源模塊可以為主電路提供 5V 和 12V 電壓;因?yàn)樗璋存I較少,所以我們選用了獨(dú)立式按鍵接口;數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換模塊采用三線串行接口芯片 TLC5615,該芯片易與單片機(jī)連接;顯示模塊是通過譯碼驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片 CD4511 輸出來驅(qū)動(dòng)數(shù)碼管顯示軟啟動(dòng)的時(shí)間和過程。系統(tǒng)利用 STC12C5410AD 單片機(jī)中自帶的 AD 變換將模擬輸入量變成數(shù)字信號(hào),通過加減按鍵設(shè)置軟啟動(dòng)的時(shí)間,并且通過顯示電路顯示設(shè)置時(shí)間和軟啟動(dòng)過程,通過單片機(jī)計(jì)算軟啟動(dòng)輸出控制量,并經(jīng)過片外獨(dú)立的 DA 變換電路輸出模擬量送給三相可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了真正意義上的軟啟動(dòng)。實(shí)踐證明,使用數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的三相可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng),可大大提高電機(jī)及設(shè)備的使用壽命,降低設(shè)備故障率,節(jié)約維修費(fèi)用,提高企業(yè)的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。關(guān)鍵詞: STC12C5410AD;軟啟動(dòng);可控硅數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)IITitle : Design of Three Phase Siliconcontrolled Trigger System Based on Softstart Abstract:This paper firstly introduces the development of softstart technology and the problem of motordriven. Then based on the analyse , we propose a digital soft start design. The design takes STC12C5410AD as the major MCU .According to the demand , we set the major hardware module including the main keyboard module, display module, power module and digitaltoanalog converter module. Power module can provide the main circuit voltage 5V and 12V。 because of fewer keys, we chose the independentbutton interface。 digitaltoanalog converter module used three lines Serial Interface Chip TLC5615 which is easy to connect with the microcontroller. Display module takes CD4511 as the driven–decoder in order to display the time and the progress of the softstart.The system uses AD transform which is built in the microcontroller to convert the analog input into a digital signal . Modified buttons installed through soft start time, and through the display circuit display settings and softstart time process SCM calculated by softstart control output volume, After chip and independent DA converter output analog threephase gave SCR trigger system, thereby realizing the true sense of the soft start.When this project is finished, the service life of motor and equipment can be improved, the fault rate of the equipment can be reduced, the maintenance cost can be saved and the labor productivity can be improved.Key words: STC12C5410AD。 Softstart。 SCR數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)III數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)IV目 次1 緒論 .................................................................1 項(xiàng)目提出的背景、目的和意義 .........................................1 軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)發(fā)展概況 .................................................2 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容 .................................................42 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................5 軟啟動(dòng)原理 .........................................................5 系統(tǒng)研究方案 .......................................................5 芯片比較 ...........................................................63 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................25 關(guān)于 STC12C5410AD .................................................25 電源模塊 ..........................................................27 復(fù)位電路模塊 ......................................................28 按鍵模塊 ..........................................................28 顯示模塊 ..........................................................29 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 ......................................................31 TL07TL431 與 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換器接口 .....................................35 蜂鳴器、工作狀態(tài)指示燈與單片機(jī)接口 ................................36 配置硬件 ..........................................................36 可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng) ...................................................36 控制電路與可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)接口 .....................................374 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................25 主程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................25 初始化程序 ........................................................26 加“1”子程序 .....................................................26 減“1”子程序 .....................................................27 移位子程序 ........................................................27 啟動(dòng)/停止子程序 ...................................................28 中斷子程序 ........................................................295 系統(tǒng)安裝與調(diào)試 ......................................................31 硬件電路調(diào)試 ......................................................31 軟件調(diào)試 ..........................................................31 綜合調(diào)試 ..........................................................31結(jié) 論 .....................................................................................................................................................32致 謝 .................................................................33數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)V參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ............................................................34附 錄 A 硬件電路圖 .....................................................35附錄 B 硬件電路 PCB 板 .................................................36附錄 C 軟啟動(dòng)時(shí)間和電壓顯示過程 .......................................37附錄 D 軟件程序 .......................................................38數(shù)字軟啟動(dòng)的可控硅觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)11 緒論 項(xiàng)目提出的背景、目的和意義在諸多能源中,電能是應(yīng)用最普遍、所占比重最大的,電網(wǎng)的安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行和電氣設(shè)備的最佳運(yùn)行一直是電力工作者一直追求的重要指標(biāo)。我國是能源生產(chǎn)大國,但就人均而言又是能源小國。而我國的能源浪費(fèi)又十分驚人,各種產(chǎn)品單位產(chǎn)量所耗能源在世界高居榜首,就相同產(chǎn)值所耗能源而言,是發(fā)達(dá)國家的三倍以上。究其原因,主要是由于設(shè)備陳舊落后,管理不善及不重視節(jié)能造成的。所以加強(qiáng)設(shè)備的技術(shù)改造和管理、推廣使用先進(jìn)的節(jié)能技術(shù)和節(jié)能裝置是節(jié)能的主要途經(jīng) [1]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國擁有風(fēng)機(jī)泵類設(shè)備約 4200 萬臺(tái),年耗電量約占全國發(fā)電量的 30%,在這些電機(jī)中,高電壓、大容量電機(jī)耗電量在 80%以上。這類電機(jī)的啟動(dòng)和停止不僅會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成沖擊,而且會(huì)對(duì)電機(jī)及其拖動(dòng)機(jī)械造成損傷,因此人們一直在尋找合適的方法來軟啟動(dòng)高壓電機(jī),但由于受電力電子器件耐壓的限制,尚沒有一個(gè)較好的辦法來解決這一問題。目前,國內(nèi)高壓電動(dòng)機(jī)的應(yīng)用幾乎遍及冶金、鋼鐵、石油、化工、電廠、水廠、機(jī)械