【正文】 摘 要論文的內(nèi)容是基于 AT89C51 單片機(jī)超聲波測距系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，主要是利用超聲波的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢，將超聲波測距系統(tǒng)和 AT89C51 單片機(jī)結(jié)合于一體。該系統(tǒng)采用軟、硬件結(jié)合的方法，具有模塊化和多用化的特點(diǎn)。論文概述了超聲波測距的發(fā)展及基本原理，對于系統(tǒng)的一些主要參數(shù)進(jìn)行了討論，并且在介紹超聲波測距系統(tǒng)功能的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了系統(tǒng)的總體構(gòu)成。通過多種發(fā)射接收電路設(shè)計(jì)方案比較，得出了最佳設(shè)計(jì)方案，并對系統(tǒng)各個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)單元的原理進(jìn)行了介紹。對組成各系統(tǒng)電路的芯片進(jìn)行了介紹，并闡述了它們的工作原理。論文介紹了系統(tǒng)的軟件結(jié)構(gòu)，通過編程來實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)功能。該系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)主要由主控制器模塊、超聲波發(fā)射模塊設(shè)計(jì)、超聲波接收模塊、報(bào)警模塊和顯示模塊等五個(gè)模塊構(gòu)成。這套系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、實(shí)時(shí)性良好，經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展和升級，可以廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、醫(yī)學(xué)檢查、日常生活、無人駕駛汽車、自動(dòng)作業(yè)現(xiàn)場的自動(dòng)引導(dǎo)小車、機(jī)器人、液位計(jì)等。關(guān)鍵字： 單片機(jī)、超聲波、傳感器、LED、測距AbstractThe paper is based on the contents of the AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit reverse collision avoidance system design, mainly using ultrasound features and advantages, ultrasound ranging system and the integration with the integration AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit. The system used software and hardware integrated approach of a modular and multiuse characteristics. The paper outlines the development and the basic principles of ultrasound tests on the principles and characteristics of ultrasound sensors. Some of the main parameters for the system were discussed, and introducing ultrasonic ranging system functions basis, the overall position of the system. Through multiple launch reception circuit design parison, the best designed programme drawn, and various system design modules principles introduced. On the position of the system circuit chip introduced and elaborated the principles of their work. Papers introduced system software architecture, through programming to achieve system function.This system mainly by master control module design, ultrasonic launching module design, ultrasonic receiving module, alarm module and display module five module. The system hardware and software design is reasonable, antijamming ability, good realtime performance, after system extension and upgrade, can be widely used in industrial production, medical examination, the daily life, the robots, automatic operation of the automatic lead car, robots, level gauge, etc. Keywords: SCM、 Ultrasonic、Sensor、LED、Ranging 目 錄摘 要 ............................................................................................................................IAbstract .........................................................................................................................II目 錄 .........................................................................................................................III第一章 引 言 ...........................................................................................................1 選題背景 ........................................................................................................1 設(shè)計(jì)意義 ........................................................................................................2 近年來國內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ................................................................................2 超聲波測距系統(tǒng)在國外的發(fā)展 .........................................................2 超聲波測距系統(tǒng)在我國的發(fā)展 .........................................................3第二章 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成及工作原理 ...................................................................................5 超聲波簡介與應(yīng)用 ........................................................................................5 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思路 ............................................................................................6 系統(tǒng)的工作原理 ............................................................................................7第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................9 單片機(jī)的選擇 ................................................................................................9 超聲波測距發(fā)射電路方案選擇與設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................13 發(fā)射電路方案選擇與論證 ................................................................13 發(fā)射電路方案的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................13 反相器 74LS04 簡介 ..........................................................................14 超聲波測距接收電路方案的選擇與設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................14 接收電路方案的選擇與論證 ............................................................14 接收電路的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................15 顯示模塊方案的選擇與設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................18 顯示模塊方案選擇與論證 ...............................................................18 顯示模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................19 LED 數(shù)碼管簡介 ................................................................................19 報(bào)警模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................20 時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................22 復(fù)位電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................23第四章 軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................24 軟件設(shè)計(jì)分析 ...............................................................................................24 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................24 主程序 ...............................................................................................25 超聲波產(chǎn)生子程序 ...........................................................................26 數(shù)據(jù)讀取和儲(chǔ)存 ...............................................................................27 延時(shí)子程序 .......................................................................................28 顯示子程序 .......................................................................................28第五章 結(jié)論 .............................................................................................................32參考文獻(xiàn) .....................................................................................................................33致謝 .............