【正文】 《歐洲文化入門》 I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. 1 . Two maj or elements in European culture are ____. A. the Greek and Roman B. the Judaism and Christianity Roman D. A and B 2. ____ deals with the Troj an War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the s D. Socrates tes D. Archimedes known for his ____. arthenon cleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras tius B. Virgil C. Julius Caesar D. Cicero to the Babylonian Captivity(巴比倫之囚 ). orized version iors of Modern English. Roman, Christianity B. classical, Christian Greek, Roman D. classical, Hebrew ianity B. the Roman Church Beowulf Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature. Saxon Chronicles. 《歐洲文化入門》串講資料 There are many elements constituting(組成 ) European Culture. There are two major elements: GrecoRoman element and JudeoChristian element. The richness(豐富性 ) of European Culture was created by GrecoRoman element and JudeoChristian element. 第一章 The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. The economy of Athens rested on(依賴 ) an immense（無限的） amount of slave labour. Olympus mount, Revived in 1896(當(dāng)代奧運(yùn)會(huì) ) Ancient Greece(古希臘 )’ s epics was created by Homer. They events of Homer’ s own time. (錯(cuò) ) （ They are not about events of Homer’ s own time, probably in the period 12001100 .） The Homer’ s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. Agamemnon, Hector, Achilles are in Iliad. Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey. Odyssey(對其作品產(chǎn)生影響 )— → James Joyoe’ s Ulysses(描述一天的生活 ). In the 20th century. Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century . 1三大悲劇大師 ① Aeschylus 《 Prometheus Bound》 — →模仿式作品 Shelly《 Prometheus Unbound》 ② Sophocles(之首 ) 《 Oedipus the King》 — → Freud’ s “ the Oedipus plex” (戀母情結(jié) ) — → David Herbert Lawrence’ s《 Sons and lovers》 (勞倫斯 )447 頁 ③ Euripides A．《 Trojan Women》 B． He is the first writer of “ problem plays” (社會(huì)問題劇 ) 在肖伯納手中達(dá)到高潮，屬于存在主義戲劇的人物 C． Elizabeth Browning called him “ Euripides human” (一個(gè)純粹的人 ) D． Realism can be traced back(追溯到 ) to the Ancient Greece. To be specific(具體來說 ), Euripides. 1 The only representative of Greek edy is Aristophanes. 18 頁 Aristophanes writes about nature. — →浪漫主義湖畔派（ The lakers）華茲華茲 (新古典主義代表作家《格列夫游記》《大人國小人國》《溫和的 提議》用諷刺的寫作手法 ) 1 History (Historical writing)史學(xué)創(chuàng)作 ※ “ Father of History” — → Herodotus — → war(between Greeks and Persians) This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博羅奔泥撒， 3 只是陳述史實(shí)，并沒有得出理論。 ※ “ The greatest historian that ever lived.” (有史以來最偉大的歷史學(xué)家 ) — → Thucydides — → war (Sparta, Athens and Syracuse) 1 The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars. 1受希臘文化影響的傳教士 St. Paul. Democritus (Materialism) 1希臘文化中的哲學(xué)被基督教所吸收 1① Euclid’ s Elements 解析幾何 It was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century. (歷史地位 ) ② Archimedes His work not only in geometry 幾何學(xué) , but also in arithmetic 算術(shù) , machanics 機(jī)械 , and 力學(xué) 選擇： Give me a place to stand, and I will move the （ Archimedes） 1 Architecture 古希臘建筑三大風(fēng)格 temple— → Parthenon 帕特農(nóng)神廟 ① The Doric style is also called masculine style. (宏偉的 ) but the Doric style is monotonous and unadorned (單調(diào) ) is sturdy (堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 ), powerful, severelooking (莊嚴(yán)肅穆 ) and showing a good sense of proportions and numbers. ② The Ionic style is also called the feminine style. (陰柔的 ) is graceful (優(yōu)雅的 ) and elegant (優(yōu)美的 ). The Ionic style often shows a wealth of ornament. (裝飾性 ) ③ The Corinthian style is known for its ornamental luxury. (奢侈 ) 1 The famous temples: The Acrpolis at Athens and the Parthenon. The burning of Corinth in 146 . Marked Roman conquest of Greece. 2 The melting between Roman Culture and Greek Culture. (羅馬征服希臘的標(biāo)志 ) 2 From 146 ., Latin was the language of the western half of the Roman Empire. Greek that of the eastern half. 2 Both Latin and Greek belong to IndoEuropean language. 2 The Roman writer Horace said “ captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive” . 2 The dividing range(分水嶺 ) in the Roman history refers to 27 . 2 The year 27 . Divided the Roman history into two periods: republic and empire. 2 The idea of Republic can be traced back to Plato’ s republic. 2 The land area of Roman empire reached its climax in 2 to 3 century. 2 north: Scotland east: Armenia and Mesopotamia In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed(保證 ) by the Roman legions(羅馬軍團(tuán) ) 3 In the Roman history, there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was known as Pax Romana.(神圣羅馬帝國 ) 3名解 In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed(保證 ) by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana 3 The Roman Law protected(保護(hù) ) the rights of plebeians (平民 ). 3 The important contribution made by the Romans to the European culture was the Roman Law. 3 After 395,the empire was divided into East (the Byzantine Empire) and West. 3 Cicero 西賽羅 he legal and political speeches are models of Latin diction 拉丁語用詞 described as an enormous influence(巨大 影響 ) on the development of European prose.(散文 ) 3 Julius Caesar mentaries 批評論 “ I came, I saw, I conquered.” 3 Virgil Aeneid 阿尼德 3 The pantheon was built in 27 . The world’ s first vast interior The Colosseum(大理石像 ) it’ s an 4 Sculpture(雕塑 ) Shewolf（母狼） 4 The representation form of Greek Democracy is 4 The embodiment of Greek democracy is citizenassembly. 古希臘民主的具體形式 論述簡答 一、 What is the limitati