【正文】 摘 要 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)正處于一個(gè)勞動(dòng)密集型，設(shè)備密集型，信息密集型向知識(shí)密集型轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程。在這一過(guò)程中，智能控制無(wú)疑起著重要的作用，單片機(jī)為核心的智能控制系統(tǒng)具有成本低，可靠性好的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)具有實(shí)現(xiàn)下載和靈活設(shè)置參數(shù)的功能，具備擴(kuò)展功能，可以增加控制方式，有很好的擴(kuò)展性和兼容性 . 本設(shè)計(jì)主要通過(guò)單片機(jī)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制完成帶傳動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)飼料的自動(dòng)供給 .根據(jù)現(xiàn)有條件和項(xiàng)目的要求，本文綜合分析和對(duì)比了幾種改造方案，最后使用單片機(jī)與步進(jìn)電機(jī)組成系統(tǒng)。單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)是整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)的核心，數(shù)據(jù)的讀取和處理、電機(jī)的調(diào)速控 制、數(shù)據(jù)的顯示和報(bào)警都由它完成。本論文詳細(xì)的分析了單片機(jī)控制板及其接口的組成和開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程，介紹如何使用單片機(jī)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，以及使用單片機(jī)、鍵盤(pán)與顯示、報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)。對(duì)于實(shí)際應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實(shí)用方便與實(shí)用性是重要的，因此在論文中，從硬件和軟件兩方面分析和研究了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)用性與方便性，使得整個(gè)系統(tǒng)能夠安全、穩(wěn)定地工作。 關(guān)鍵字 ：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī) 。 步進(jìn)電機(jī)；自動(dòng)調(diào)速 ABSTRACT Modern times industry production is in a change process of labor denseness, facility denseness and information denseness to knowledge denseness. Aptitude control plays a important role in this process. As a result of the aptitude control system based on SCM has the characteristic of low cost and good reliability and it has the function of download and agile parameter setup, agile spread at the same time, the system will be expansibility and patibility. The design mostly gets across the SCM control about stepping motor to fulfill belt drive, and achieve feed automaticprovide. According to the current condition and the request, this paper analyses and contrasts some reform project, then using single chip puter and stepping motor to constitutes the system .two stage control system. The SCM that is the center of the whole control system is used to collect and process the data, adjust the speed of the electromotor and display the data, give the alarm. This thesis not only fully discusses the constitution and designed process but also introduces how to use single chip puter, stepping motor control system and single chip puter, keyboard and vision, alarm control system. For the practical and applied system, the reliability and facility is very important. So the reliability and facility of the whole system is analyzed from hardware to software o make the whole system operate safely and steadily. Key Words： SCM。 stepping motor。 speed regulation I 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................................................................................ 1 課題的研究背景 ................................................................................................. 1 課題的研究意義 ................................................................................................ 1 課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容 ................................................................................................ 1 2 飼料自動(dòng)供給系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)分 析 ....................................................................................... 3 供給控制系統(tǒng)方案分析 ..................................................................................... 3 方案理論實(shí)現(xiàn)的理論設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) .............................................................. 3 單片機(jī)的選擇 .......................................................................................... 4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 ...................................................................................... 5 供給系統(tǒng)控制設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 6 系統(tǒng)總電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 7 3 供給系統(tǒng)帶傳動(dòng)的調(diào)速 ................................................................................................ 9 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理與動(dòng)態(tài)特征 ................................................................. 9 步進(jìn)控制與驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 .................................................................. 9 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選用 ................................................................................... 10 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的工作原理 ........................................................................... 11 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性 ............................................................................ 11 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制與調(diào)速 .............................................................................. 12 步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 ................................................................... 12 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度控制 ........................................................................... 13 4 控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)分析 ............................................................................................. 15 系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) .............................................................................................. 15 AT89S52 單片機(jī)的選用 .................................................................................. 16 89S52 單片機(jī)基本結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................ 16 AT89S52 單片機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器的結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................ 18 系統(tǒng)的硬件分析與擴(kuò)展 .................................................................................. 20 鍵盤(pán)電路的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 20 顯示電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................... 21 報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 22 II 步進(jìn)電機(jī)及其驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 22 硬件系統(tǒng)的合成 .............................................................................................. 23 系統(tǒng)的 抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 24 5 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)分析 .................................................................................................. 25 編寫(xiě)單片機(jī)應(yīng)用程序的基本方法 .................................................................. 25 飼料供給系統(tǒng)程序流程 .................................................................................. 26 結(jié) 論 ............................................................................................................................... 29 參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................................................................................... 30 附錄一 系統(tǒng)軟件程序 ................................................................................................... 31 附錄二 系統(tǒng)總電路圖 ...........