【正文】 乙醇水精餾塔工藝設(shè)計(jì)與原料液預(yù)熱器選型設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)號(hào)： 姓名:（新疆工業(yè)高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校，烏魯木齊 830091）摘要：篩板塔是化工生產(chǎn)中主要的氣液傳質(zhì)設(shè)備，此 設(shè)計(jì)針對(duì) 乙醇水的精餾問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析、選取、計(jì)算、核算、繪圖等，是較完整的精餾設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。通 過(guò)對(duì)精 餾塔的運(yùn)算，可以得出精 餾塔的各種設(shè)計(jì)如塔的工藝流程、生產(chǎn)操作條件及物性參數(shù)是合理的，以保證精餾過(guò)程的順利進(jìn)行并使效率盡可能的提高。此外對(duì)原料液預(yù)熱器 進(jìn)行選型設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)鍵詞：篩板塔，精餾段，提餾段，預(yù)熱器 目 錄1 設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定及流程說(shuō)明 ................................................12 精餾塔的物料衡算 ........................................................2 原料液及塔頂和塔底的摩爾分率 .........................................2 原料液及塔頂和塔底產(chǎn)品的平均摩爾質(zhì)量 .................................23 塔板數(shù)的確定 ............................................................2 理論板層數(shù)的求取 .....................................................2 相對(duì)揮發(fā)度的求取 .................................................2 求最小回流比及操作回流比 .........................................4 實(shí)際板層數(shù)的求取 .....................................................6 液相的平均粘度 ...................................................6 精餾段和提餾段的相對(duì)揮發(fā)度.......................................7 全塔效率 ET 和實(shí)際塔板數(shù) .........................................74 精餾塔的工藝條件及有關(guān)物性數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算 ....................................7 操作壓力的計(jì)算 .......................................................7 操作溫度計(jì)算 ........................................................7 平均摩爾質(zhì)量計(jì)算 .....................................................8 塔頂平均摩爾質(zhì)量計(jì)算 .............................................8 進(jìn)料板平均摩爾質(zhì)量計(jì)算...........................................8 精餾段平均摩爾質(zhì)量...............................................8 平均密度計(jì)算 .........................................................8 氣相平均密度計(jì)算 .................................................8 液相平均密度計(jì)算 .................................................8 液體平均表面張力的計(jì)算 ...............................................9 塔頂液相平均表面張力的計(jì)算 .......................................9 進(jìn)料板液相平均表面張力為.........................................9 精餾段液相平均表面張力...........................................9 液體平均粘度 .........................................................95 精餾塔的塔體工藝尺寸計(jì)算 ................................................9 塔徑的計(jì)算 ...........................................................9 精餾塔有效高度的計(jì)算 ...............................................11 溢流裝置計(jì)算 .......................................................11 降液管底隙高度 .....................................................13 塔板布置 ...........................................................13 塔板的分塊......................................................13 篩孔計(jì)算及排列..................................................13 塔板的流體力學(xué)驗(yàn)算塔板壓降 ..........................................14 干板阻力計(jì)算 ....................................................14 液面落差 ...........................................................15 漏液 ...............................................................16 液泛 ...............................................................166 塔板負(fù)荷性能圖 .........................................................17 漏液線(xiàn) ..............................................................17 液沫夾帶線(xiàn) .........................................................17 液相負(fù)荷下限線(xiàn) .....................................................18 液相負(fù)荷上限線(xiàn) .....................................................187 輔助設(shè)備的計(jì)算及選型 ...................................................20 原料貯罐 ...........................................................20 產(chǎn)品貯罐 ...........................................................20 管徑的設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................21 塔頂蒸氣出口管的直徑 dV.........................................21 回流管的直徑 dR.................................................21 進(jìn)料管的直徑 dF.................................................218 原料預(yù)熱器選型及計(jì)算 ...................................................22 試算并初選換熱器規(guī)格 ...............................................22 確定流體通入空間 ................................................22 確定流體的定性溫度、物性數(shù)據(jù)，并選擇列管式換熱器的形式..........22 計(jì)算熱負(fù)荷 Q........................................................23 計(jì)算兩流體的平均溫度差，并確定殼程數(shù) ...............................24 初步選擇換熱器規(guī)格 .................................................24 核算總傳熱系數(shù) ......................................................24 計(jì)算管程對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù) ............................................24 計(jì)算殼程對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)............................................25 確定污垢熱阻 ....................................................26 計(jì)算總傳熱系數(shù)..................................................26 計(jì)算壓強(qiáng)降 .........................................................26 計(jì)算管程壓強(qiáng)降..................................................26 計(jì)算殼程壓強(qiáng)降..................................................27 換熱器主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ..................................................28 管子的規(guī)格和排列方法............................................28 管程和殼程數(shù)的確定..........