【正文】 青島理工大學(xué) 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題目： 基于 AT89C51 單片機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量?jī)x 設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)： 院系名稱： 機(jī)電工程系 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 機(jī)電 一體化 107班 指導(dǎo) 教師： 2020年 6 月 15日 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 I 摘 要 在工程實(shí)踐中，經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到各種需要測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)速的場(chǎng)合，測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)速的方法分為模擬式和數(shù)字式兩種。模擬式采用測(cè)速發(fā)電機(jī)為檢測(cè)元件，得到的信號(hào)是模擬量。數(shù)字式通常采用光電編碼器、霍爾元件等為檢測(cè)元件，得到的信號(hào)是脈沖信號(hào)。隨著微型計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是高性能價(jià)格比的單片機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量普遍采用以單片機(jī)為核心的數(shù)字式測(cè)量方法。 本文便是運(yùn)用 AT89C51 單片機(jī)控制的智能化轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量?jī)x。電機(jī)在運(yùn)行過程中，需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，轉(zhuǎn)速是一個(gè) 必不可少的一個(gè)參數(shù)。本系統(tǒng)就是對(duì)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行測(cè)量，并可以和 PC 機(jī)進(jìn)行通信，顯示電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，并觀察電機(jī)運(yùn)行的基本狀況。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要用 AT89C51 作為控制核心， 由霍爾傳感器、 LED 數(shù)碼顯像管 、HIN232CPE 電平轉(zhuǎn)換 及 RS232 構(gòu)成。 詳細(xì)介紹了 單片機(jī)的測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)及 PC機(jī)與單片機(jī)之間的串行通訊。 充分發(fā)揮了單片機(jī)的性能。 本文重點(diǎn)是測(cè)量速度并顯示在 5位 LED 數(shù)碼管上。 其優(yōu)點(diǎn)硬件 是 電路簡(jiǎn)單，軟件功能完善， 測(cè)量速度快、精度高、 控制系統(tǒng)可靠，性價(jià)比較高等特點(diǎn) 。 關(guān)鍵詞： MSC51 單片機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)速，傳感器 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 II ABSTRACT In the project practice, we will meet each kind to need frequently to survey the rotational speed the situation, the survey rotational speed method divides into the simulation type and the digital two kinds. The simulation type uses measured that the fast generator is the detecting element, obtains the signal simulates the quantity. Digital usually uses the electrooptical encoder, the Hall part and so on is the detecting element, obtains the signal is the signal impulse. Along with microputer39。s widespread application, specially high performance price pared to monolithic integrated circuit39。s appearance, the tachometric survey uses generally take the monolithic integrated circuit as the core digital measuring technique I graduated from the Design of the issue is control of the intelligent use of SCM speed measuring instrument. The system is the motor speed measurement, and PC and can municate that the motor speed, and to observe the motor running the basic situation. The main design AT89C51 control as the core, by the Hall sensor, LED digital CRT, HIN232CPElevel conversion, and a RS232. Detailed measurements of the speed of the SCM system and PC and the serial munication between the microcontroller. Give full play to the performance of the SCM. This paper is to measure the speed and displayed in five LED digital pipe. The advantage of a simple hardware and software capabilities improve, measuring speed, high precision and control system reliable, costeffective and so on. KEY WORDS： MSC51 Onechip puter,Sensor,Tachometer 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 III 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................II 前 言 ............................................................................................................................... 1 第 1 章 緒 論 ................................................................................................................. 2 課題的研究背景 .................................................................................................... 2 課題研究的目的和意義 ........................................................................................ 2 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量在國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究 .................................................................................... 3 主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................................. 4 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)功能分析 ..................................................................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)功能概述 ........................................................................................................ 5 系統(tǒng)要求及主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................ 5 系統(tǒng)技術(shù)指標(biāo) ........................................................................................................ 6 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................... 7 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量的一般方法 ............................................................................................. 7 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)思路 ................................................................................................. 9 軟件設(shè)計(jì)思路 .................................................... 9 第 4 章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 11 單片機(jī)模塊 ........................................................................................................... 11 處理執(zhí)行元件 ................................................................................................ 11 時(shí)鐘電路 ........................................................................................................ 14 復(fù)位電路 ........................................................................................................ 15 顯示電路 ........................................................................................................ 16 HD7279 接口 ................................................................................................... 18 鍵盤電路 ........................................................................................................ 21 霍爾傳感器簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................... 22 霍爾器件概述 ................................................................................................ 22 霍爾傳感器的應(yīng)用 ........................................................................................ 22 AH41 霍爾開關(guān) ............................................................................................... 23 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 IV 發(fā)送模塊 ............................................................................................................... 24 第 5 章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................... 28 單片機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速程序設(shè)計(jì)思路及過程 ................