【正文】 青島理工大學(xué) 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題目： 基于 AT89C51 單片機的轉(zhuǎn)速測量儀 設(shè)計 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)生學(xué)號： 院系名稱： 機電工程系 專業(yè)班級： 機電 一體化 107班 指導(dǎo) 教師： 2020年 6 月 15日 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 I 摘 要 在工程實踐中，經(jīng)常會遇到各種需要測量轉(zhuǎn)速的場合，測量轉(zhuǎn)速的方法分為模擬式和數(shù)字式兩種。模擬式采用測速發(fā)電機為檢測元件，得到的信號是模擬量。數(shù)字式通常采用光電編碼器、霍爾元件等為檢測元件，得到的信號是脈沖信號。隨著微型計算機的廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是高性能價格比的單片機的出現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)速測量普遍采用以單片機為核心的數(shù)字式測量方法。 本文便是運用 AT89C51 單片機控制的智能化轉(zhuǎn)速測量儀。電機在運行過程中，需要對其進行監(jiān)控，轉(zhuǎn)速是一個 必不可少的一個參數(shù)。本系統(tǒng)就是對電機轉(zhuǎn)速進行測量，并可以和 PC 機進行通信，顯示電機的轉(zhuǎn)速，并觀察電機運行的基本狀況。 本設(shè)計主要用 AT89C51 作為控制核心， 由霍爾傳感器、 LED 數(shù)碼顯像管 、HIN232CPE 電平轉(zhuǎn)換 及 RS232 構(gòu)成。 詳細介紹了 單片機的測量轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)及 PC機與單片機之間的串行通訊。 充分發(fā)揮了單片機的性能。 本文重點是測量速度并顯示在 5位 LED 數(shù)碼管上。 其優(yōu)點硬件 是 電路簡單，軟件功能完善， 測量速度快、精度高、 控制系統(tǒng)可靠，性價比較高等特點 。 關(guān)鍵詞： MSC51 單片機，轉(zhuǎn)速，傳感器 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 II ABSTRACT In the project practice, we will meet each kind to need frequently to survey the rotational speed the situation, the survey rotational speed method divides into the simulation type and the digital two kinds. The simulation type uses measured that the fast generator is the detecting element, obtains the signal simulates the quantity. Digital usually uses the electrooptical encoder, the Hall part and so on is the detecting element, obtains the signal is the signal impulse. Along with microputer39。s widespread application, specially high performance price pared to monolithic integrated circuit39。s appearance, the tachometric survey uses generally take the monolithic integrated circuit as the core digital measuring technique I graduated from the Design of the issue is control of the intelligent use of SCM speed measuring instrument. The system is the motor speed measurement, and PC and can municate that the motor speed, and to observe the motor running the basic situation. The main design AT89C51 control as the core, by the Hall sensor, LED digital CRT, HIN232CPElevel conversion, and a RS232. Detailed measurements of the speed of the SCM system and PC and the serial munication between the microcontroller. Give full play to the performance of the SCM. This paper is to measure the speed and displayed in five LED digital pipe. The advantage of a simple hardware and software capabilities improve, measuring speed, high precision and control system reliable, costeffective and so on. KEY WORDS： MSC51 Onechip puter,Sensor,Tachometer 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 III 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................II 前 言 ............................................................................................................................... 1 第 1 章 緒 論 ................................................................................................................. 2 課題的研究背景 .................................................................................................... 2 課題研究的目的和意義 ........................................................................................ 2 轉(zhuǎn)速測量在國內(nèi)外的研究 .................................................................................... 3 主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................................. 4 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)功能分析 ..................................................................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)功能概述 ........................................................................................................ 5 系統(tǒng)要求及主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................ 5 系統(tǒng)技術(shù)指標 ........................................................................................................ 6 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 ..................................................................................................... 7 轉(zhuǎn)速測量的一般方法 ............................................................................................. 7 硬件電路設(shè)計思路 ................................................................................................. 9 軟件設(shè)計思路 .................................................... 9 第 4 章 硬件電路設(shè)計 ................................................................................................... 11 單片機模塊 ........................................................................................................... 11 處理執(zhí)行元件 ................................................................................................ 11 時鐘電路 ........................................................................................................ 14 復(fù)位電路 ........................................................................................................ 15 顯示電路 ........................................................................................................ 16 HD7279 接口 ................................................................................................... 18 鍵盤電路 ........................................................................................................ 21 霍爾傳感器簡介 ................................................................................................... 22 霍爾器件概述 ................................................................................................ 22 霍爾傳感器的應(yīng)用 ........................................................................................ 22 AH41 霍爾開關(guān) ............................................................................................... 23 青島理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 IV 發(fā)送模塊 ............................................................................................................... 24 第 5 章 軟件設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................... 28 單片機轉(zhuǎn)速程序設(shè)計思路及過程 ................