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makespeakingpersuasive(已修改)

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【正文】 Make Speaking PersuasiveContentsAcknowledgements……………………………………………………………1Abstract…………………………………………………………..…2摘 要……………………………………...……………………….4Part ⅠFundamentals of Persuasive Speaking…….……………………..5 The Characteristics of Persuasive Speaking……………...….……5 The Importance of Persuasive Speaking………...………………....7 The Purposes of Persuasive Speaking…...…………………………8 The Selection of a Topic……………………………………….……....8 Selecting the Subject…………………………………..…………9 Narrowing the Subject…………………………………………....9Part Ⅱ Charisma of a Persuasive Speaker………………...……………11 Authority……………………………………..………………………….12 Credibility…………………………………..………………………..….12 Social Attractiveness……………………………………………..…..14 Likeability……………………………………………..…………….14 Similarity………………………………………………..….……..…15 Physical Attractiveness…………………………………..…..……16Part Ⅲ Methods of Persuasion…………………………………...……..18 Persuading through Evidence and Reasoning………...………18 Using Opinions Wisely………..…………………………….……..19 Types of Reasoning………………………..………………………20 Persuading through Appeals to Basic Human Needs, Wants, and Desires………………………………………………….………..24 Physiological Needs………………………………….……………25 Safety Needs…………………………….…………………………26 Belonging and Love Needs……………………..…………………26 SelfEsteem Needs……………..………………………………….27 SelfActualization Needs………………………..…………………28 Persuading through Adapting to Different Audiences.…………29 Enticing a Reluctant Audience to Listen……………………..…..29 Removing Barriers to Commitment………..……………………..31 Moving from Attitude to Action……………..……………………..33Part Ⅳ Generally Available Strategic Resources……..……………….36 Selecting Appropriate Supporting Materials…………….……….36 Examples……………..………………………………………… …36 Narration……….……………………………………….…………..38 Testimony……..…………………………………………………….40 Statistics…….………………………………………………………41 Using Presentation Aids and Visual Aids…………..……………..43 Types of Presentation Aids………..………………………………43 Media of Presentation Aids…..……………………………………43 Computer Assisted Presentations………..………………………44 Part Ⅴ Use of Language to Persuade………….………………….…….45 Giving Words Added Impact……………………..…………..………...47 Importance of Word Choice..……………………………………...47 Psychological Effect of language…………………………………48 Power Talk………………………………………..…………………49 Achieving Clarity, Simplicity, Rhythm, Vividness and Humour 53 Clarity……………………..…………………………………………53 Simplicity………………..…………………………………………..56 Rhythm………….…………………………………………………..60 Vividness…………..………………………………………………..65 Humour…………………..………………………………………….75Part Ⅵ Delivery………………………………………………………………79 Voice……..………………………………………………………………79 Eye Contact………………..……………………………………………79 Body Language…………… ……………………………………….….80Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….83Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...85AcknowledgementsThe thesis would not be able to exist if it had not been for the constant support and encouragement from many people. Hence, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all of them.I owe a tremendous debt to Professor Xu Yaqin, my supervisor, whose expert guidance, invaluable counsel and great encouragement helped me to make continuous progress in my twoandahalfyear study, and whose critical reading of the manuscript and sound suggestions guided me to the pletion of this thesis.I also feel it is important to acknowledge and thank all my teachers for their inspiration and instructions during my postgraduate study.Finally, my gratitude goes to my parents, whose love and support give meaning to everything I do. AbstractRalph Waldo Emerson said “Speech is power: speech is to persuade, to convert, to pel.” Many of us are being influenced and manipulated, far more than we realise, in the patterns of our everyday life. It is true, however, few people understand the art of persuasion. Therefore, I am eager to analyse and study the techniques and skills of achieving persuasion through speaking. In that way, we can understand what works, what does not work, and how we can achieve powerful persuasive speaking and defend against manipulation and propaganda. To understand how to make speaking persuasive, we should get to know its fundamentals. Naturally, in the first part, I present the characteristics, importance and purposes of persuasive speaking, and in addition, the selection of the topic for persuasive speaking.Who gives life to a persuasive speech? The speaker for sure. Then it is necessary to probe into the principles a persuader should follow. In the second part, therefore, the three attributes for a charismatic speaker—authority, credibility and social attractiveness—are studied. In order to persuade the audience, the municator must indisputably have methods and strategies of persuasion. The third part expounds some of the methods and strategies which I think are effective, that is, to persuade audiences through logic and physiological needs and to adapt to different audiences.Amplifying our speaking is also necessary. To achieve this goal, generally available strategic resources should be taken into consideration. The fourth part of this thesis is mainly about supporting materials, presentation aids and visual aids. The fifth part gives us the idea as to how speakers persuade audiences through language. Powerful arguments and good persuasive strategies would collapse without the support of language. Persuaders cannot ignore the power of language and style of speaking. Language deserves much attention and effort of the speaker. After studying the methods and language of the persuasive speaking, the last step is delivery, which can either ruin our former endeavor or acplish our persuasion, including, in particular, voice, eye contact and body language. 摘 要我們中的絕大多數(shù)人都會在生活中受到政治家、廣告商、銷售人員和各種管理者的影響和游說。 這些影響不容小覷。他人怎樣影響說服我們以及我們怎樣在生活和工作中進(jìn)行有效的說服值得探究。埃默生曾講道:“演講力量無窮,其力量
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