【正文】 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）本科畢業(yè)論文 本 科 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題 目： 含油泥砂處理工藝方案研究 學(xué)生姓名：陳發(fā)坤 學(xué) 號(hào)： 08042102 專業(yè)班級(jí)：過(guò)程裝備與控制工程 081班 指導(dǎo)教師： 金有海教授 王振波教授 2020年 6月 19日 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）本科畢業(yè)論文 摘 要 含油 泥砂 是油田 、煉化 企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中 產(chǎn)生 的 一種富含礦物油的黑色粘稠狀固體廢棄物，它來(lái)源廣泛、 種類繁多、 成分 復(fù)雜 、危害性大。 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)含油泥砂的處理方案很多，但是這些方案都存在著諸多弊端， 很多方案尚處于試驗(yàn)理論階段未得到實(shí)踐運(yùn)用。總之，對(duì)含油泥砂的處理還沒(méi)有真正找到一種被公認(rèn)的、普遍適用的方案。因此，在能源越來(lái)越短促、環(huán)保要求越來(lái)越高的今天，如何處理含油泥砂依然是困擾著每個(gè)油田、煉廠的難題。 本文對(duì)含油泥砂的基本性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了概括，并對(duì)當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外含油泥砂的主要處理工藝方案進(jìn)行了總結(jié)、對(duì)比。最后綜合研究，本著經(jīng)濟(jì)高效、綠色環(huán)保的理念，設(shè)計(jì)出了固化焚燒法，基本上對(duì)含油泥砂實(shí)現(xiàn)了減量化、資源化、無(wú)害化處理。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 含油泥砂； 基本性質(zhì)； 工 藝方案；固化焚燒法 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）本科畢業(yè)論文 ABSTRACT Oilsands is a black sticky solid waste which produced in the production process of oil fields or oil refineries. They have wide resources, plex positions and great harm. At present, whether domestic or abroad, there are many process schemes about how to deal with the oilsands, but they all have some disadvantages and many of them are still at the experimental stage without practice. In short, we have not really found a recognized, universally applicable process scheme for oilsands. Therefore, nowadays, with the increasingly short of energy and the increasingly high demands of environmental protection, how to deal with oilsands is still a problem which puzzled each oil fields and oil refineries. This article summarizes the basic nature of the oilsands and the major process scheme in the current domestic and international oilsands treatment fields, and pares their advantages and disadvantages. At last, through prehensive study, obeying the concept of economic efficiency and green environmental protection, I designed the curing incineration, it basically realizes the oilsands reduction, recycling and safe disposal. Keywords： oilsands。 basic properties。 process scheme。 curing incineration 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）本科畢業(yè)論文 目錄 第 1 章 前言 .................................................................................................................... 1 研究背景 ............................................................................................................. 1 研究目的與意義 ................................................................................................. 2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 ............................................................................................................. 2 第 2 章 含油泥砂基本性質(zhì) ............................................................................................ 3 含油泥砂的定義 ................................................................................................. 3 含油泥砂的來(lái)源 ................................................................................................. 3 原油開采過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的含油泥砂 .............................................................. 3 油田集輸中轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的含油泥砂 ...................................................... 3 煉油廠污水處理過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的含油泥砂 .................................................. 3 含油泥砂的特點(diǎn) ................................................................................................. 4 含油泥砂的危害 ................................................................................................. 4 第 3 章 含油泥砂處理工藝方案研究進(jìn)展 ................................................................... 6 含油泥砂處理方法 ............................................................................................. 6 熱水洗法 .................................................................................................. 6 熱化學(xué)法 .................................................................................................. 7 離心處理法 .............................................................................................. 8 溶劑萃取法 .............................................................................................. 9 生物法 .................................................................................................... 11 熱處理法 ................................................................................................ 13 填埋法 .................................................................................................... 18 固化處理法 ............................................................................................ 18 電動(dòng)力學(xué)處理法 .................................................................................... 20 超聲波法 .............................................................................................. 20 冷凍熔融法 .......................................................................................... 23 含油泥砂處理方法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)對(duì)比 ....................................................................... 24 含油泥砂處理技術(shù)中存在的一些問(wèn)題 ........................................................... 25 第 4 章 含油泥砂處理工藝方案設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................... 26 中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）本科畢業(yè)論文 固化焚燒法的提出依據(jù) ................................................................................... 26 固化焚燒法的工藝方案設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................... 27 燃煤的加工 ............................................................................................ 28 燃煤的利用 ............................................................................................ 28 廢氣、廢渣的處理 ................................................................................ 29 固化焚燒法的主要設(shè)備選型 ........................................................................... 30 離心式脫水機(jī) ........................................................................................ 30 粉碎機(jī) .................................................................................................... 30 攪拌機(jī) .................................................................................................... 31 投料機(jī) ....................................................................................................