【正文】 基于 MATLAB 的雙饋發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 仿真技術研究 MATLABBased Simulation Technology of DoublyFed Generation System I 摘 要 隨著人們對能源危機及環(huán)境污染的日益重視，風力發(fā)電在世界范圍內得到了迅速發(fā)展，如何有效的提高機組容量與運行效率、最大限度地利用風能已成為風力發(fā)電技術研究的重要內容。在各種風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)方案中，雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)以其獨特的優(yōu)點逐漸成為當今風力發(fā)電的主流。 本文首先詳細分析 了解 了雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的結 構特點 以及 基本原理，包括風力機最大風能捕獲原理 、 雙饋 感應 發(fā)電機變速恒頻發(fā)電原理 及其 功率流動 特點、 轉子勵磁變流器的矢量控制原理等。 然后 根據(jù)電機學 中異步電機的相關 知識 推導了雙饋感應發(fā)電機在三相靜止坐標系下的數(shù)學模型以及運動方程；在對雙 PWM 電壓型變流器原理分析基礎上，推導了 網(wǎng) 側 PWM 變流器在三相靜止坐標系下數(shù)學模型；為了便于控制系統(tǒng)設計，應用坐標變換技術將所建數(shù)學模型轉換到兩相旋轉坐標系下；基于坐標變換技術和 電機矢量控制理論，進行了電網(wǎng)電壓定向的網(wǎng)側變流器矢量控制設計和定子磁鏈定向的轉子側變流器矢量控制設計的研 究； 最后利用以上所建模型和已有的成熟的模塊 在MATLAB/SIMULINK 環(huán)境下 搭建 了系統(tǒng) 的 仿真模型，進行了 亞同步速和超同步速時電機 變速恒頻發(fā)電和有功無功獨立調節(jié)的仿真研究，仿真結果表明所設計的系統(tǒng)在實現(xiàn)了變速恒頻發(fā)電的同時，實現(xiàn)了 P、 Q 的完全解耦控制，驗證了雙饋感應風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)理論分析和控制策略設計的正確性與可行性。 關鍵字：風力發(fā)電；變速恒頻；雙饋發(fā)電機；矢量控制 II Abstract With attachment importance to energy source scarcity and environment pollution the wind electric power generation has developed dramatically all over the world. How to enhance unit capacity and operation effectively and use the wind energy bees important matter of the wind electric power generation. In various system alternatives, variable speed constant frequency doublyfed induction generator (DFIG) bees mainstream for its advantages. This paper first detailed analysis about the structural characteristics and the basic principles of the doublefed wind power generation system, including the principles of the maximum wind energy capture, the Variable Speed Constant Frequency Operation principle and power flow characteristics of the doublyfed induction generator, the vector control theory of the rotor excitation inverter, and so on. Then according to the knowledge about induction motor in Electrical Machines, the equations of motion and the mathematical models of doublefed induction generator in threephase static coordinate system was derived。 Based on the principle of dual PWM voltage source converter , the mathematical model of grid side PWM converter in threephase static coordinate system was derived。 In order to facilitate the control system design, the coordinate transformation technology was used for converting the established mathematical model into a twophase rotating coordinate system。 Based on coordinate transformation techniques and motor vector control theory, some study of grid voltage oriented grid side converter vector control design and the stator fluxoriented rotor side converter vector control design have done。 Finally, based on the above model and the existing mature module in MATLAB / SIMULINK environment, the system simulation model was build, and the subsynchronous speed and super synchronous speed when the motor speed constant frequency independent active and reactive power generation and regulation was simulated, the simulation results show that the designed system in the realization of a variable speed constant frequency generation, meanwhile, the full decoupling control of P, Q was realized and it proved accuracy and feasibility of analysis of doublyfed induction wind power system and the control strategy design. Keywords: wind power。 variable speed constant frequency。 Vector Control I 目 錄 摘 要 ....................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 .............................................................................................................................. 1 課題背景及意義 .......................................................................................................... 1 可再生能源開發(fā)的必要性 ............................................................................... 1 風能的開發(fā)利用 ............................................................................................... 2 國內外風力發(fā)電技術的發(fā)展趨勢 .............................................................................. 2 風力發(fā)電機組容量的發(fā)展趨勢 ....................................................................... 3 并網(wǎng)風力發(fā)電機組的種類 ............................................................................... 3 風力發(fā)電機 的發(fā)展 ........................................................................................... 5 變速恒頻發(fā)電的優(yōu)點 .................................................................................................. 6 本課題主要研究內容 .................................................................................................. 7 第 2 章 雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的結構特點和基本原理 .............................................................. 8 雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結構特點 ...................................................................................... 8 風力機最大風能捕獲原理 .......................................................................................... 8 雙饋感應發(fā)電機的運行原理 .................................................................................... 11 雙饋感應發(fā)電機功率流動特點 ................................................................................ 12 轉子勵磁變流器的結構特點 .................................................................................... 15 變速恒頻雙饋風電機組矢量勵磁控制 ................................................................... 16 坐標變換技術 ........................................................................................................... 17 第 3 章 雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)仿真模型的建立 ........................................................................ 20 雙饋感應發(fā)電機數(shù)學模型及仿真模型 .................................................................... 20 雙饋感應發(fā)電機的數(shù)學模型 ......................................................................... 20 雙饋感應發(fā)電機的仿真模型 ......................................................................... 24 雙 PWM 電壓型變流器的數(shù)學模型 ....................................................................... 29 網(wǎng)側 PWM 變流器的數(shù)學