公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案與開(kāi)發(fā)(已修改)
2025-05-18 00:02 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)摘要公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于保護(hù)公路的正常使用有著重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義和社會(huì)價(jià)值。隨著公路運(yùn)輸工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和商業(yè)貿(mào)易的不斷發(fā)展，產(chǎn)生了對(duì)公路車輛進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)稱重越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格的要求，動(dòng)態(tài)稱重是路政部門加強(qiáng)正常運(yùn)輸、強(qiáng)制超載超限、提高管理工作效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)路政系統(tǒng)管理現(xiàn)代化、科學(xué)化的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。就公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)而言，稱重的精度是最重要的性能指標(biāo)，它標(biāo)志著公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)水平的高低。目前公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)由于對(duì)采集的信號(hào)只能簡(jiǎn)單的處理，加上建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型不適合非線性對(duì)象的特殊性，同時(shí)缺乏對(duì)干擾因素以及各種干擾因素之間的關(guān)系做深層次的研究和處理，所以系統(tǒng)的精度難以得到很大的提高。鑒于影響動(dòng)態(tài)稱重的干擾因素很多，而且這些因素之間不存在確切的函數(shù)關(guān)系，用傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型方法很難分析清楚這些干擾因素之間的關(guān)系，所以本文從理論基礎(chǔ)方面入手，從提高稱重精度的思想出發(fā)，介紹了應(yīng)用于車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)的各種智能算法模型，比較分析發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于非線性對(duì)象沒(méi)有解決誤差精度問(wèn)題，最終提出善于非線性建模的BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本思想、計(jì)算過(guò)程、執(zhí)行步驟、存在的問(wèn)題，以及針對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)稱重對(duì)象的非線性特征以及稱重過(guò)程中存在的精度不準(zhǔn)確問(wèn)題采取了 BP 算法的改進(jìn)方法，進(jìn)一步滿足了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境的稱重要求。通過(guò)分析公路車載動(dòng)態(tài)稱重對(duì)象，建立了 BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)模型，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采集的動(dòng)態(tài)稱重?cái)?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的分析與數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)練結(jié)果表明精度完全符合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)要求和國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)于系統(tǒng)硬件方面，系統(tǒng)采用單片機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳送，對(duì)單片機(jī)的選擇進(jìn)行了介紹；用于數(shù)據(jù)處理的動(dòng)態(tài)稱重軟件系統(tǒng)除了實(shí)現(xiàn)重量數(shù)據(jù)的處理、顯示和查詢等基本功能以外，它還實(shí)現(xiàn)了將采集的數(shù)據(jù)保存于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中并能以報(bào)表的形式打印出來(lái)的功能，以便于統(tǒng)計(jì)和查閱。本文中主要用到的單片機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)工具是 C 語(yǔ)言，工控機(jī)里的數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)軟件采用 Visual C++ 編程語(yǔ)言，主要利用 RS232 串行接口來(lái)提供串口通信，使用 BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)稱重采集的數(shù)據(jù)建模仿真的環(huán)境是 MATLABR2007。關(guān)鍵詞：動(dòng)態(tài)稱重系統(tǒng)，單片機(jī)，數(shù)學(xué)模型，BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)DESIGNATION AND EMPOLDER OF HIGHWAYCARLOADING WEIGHINMOTION SYSTEMABSTRACTThe Highway Carloading WeighinMotion system（WIMS）has undoubtedly played anantive electronic role and social value in the protection of highway trancport. Along with thedevelopment of the Highway Transportation,Industrial production and Business Trade, it isrequired that the Highway WIMS needs to saticfy more qualification of modernization andscientization for the rapid automatically and the enforcement of the overloading rule.As to the Highway Carloading WIMS, the weighing precision of the vehicle moving isthe most important standard specification. It indicates the technical level of the HighwayCarloading WIMS. While the weighing signal processing of the actual WeighinMotion issimple digital filter and the model is not fit well with nonleneared object. Even further signalprocessing technique of kinds of disturbing factors. So the WIM system’s precision is hardlyimproved.Because there are so many factors affect the WIMS’ accuracy, and there are not exactfunction relations among these factors, this paper introduces some new arithmetic models tosettle these factors pared with other theory of improving the WIM system’sprecision, final chance is choosing BP neural network. It mostly introduces the basic idea,calculated process, executes steps and existed problems of BP Neural Network, and Finallyputs forward the improved method to satisfy weighinmotion requirement.Through analyzing Highway WIMS’ cars,this paper bases BP Neural Nerwork model.The weighinmotion datas, which gathered in scene and trained by the BP Neural Networkmodel, indicate that the precision accords with practical requirement and internationalstandard. In hardware, the system use singlechip microputer and introduced the choosingcondition of the singleship microputer. The WIM system of the paper described canimplement not only the basic function of gathering data, processing data, display data, andquery data,but preserved the gathering data into the database and print in form. The systemmainly use C language to write in the singlechip microputer, and us
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