【正文】 專題二十八 綻放思維之花 結(jié)出創(chuàng)新之果新題型——任務(wù)型讀寫（安徽）【考點定位】 2011考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布安徽2009年高考英語命題最大的變化就是取消了短文改錯，增加任務(wù)型閱讀，詞匯要求提高至3000個左右。任務(wù)型閱讀的題型結(jié)構(gòu)為一篇300詞左右的短文和表格，要求考生對文中的有效信息進行篩選、整合和綜合概括，然后準確、有序地完成表格的空缺(根據(jù)說明，一空只填一詞)。這不僅要求考生有較好的語篇理解能力，同時還必須具有獲取有效信息、把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。而且在填寫過程中，考生還必須具備較扎實的詞法和句法知識，因為所填寫的單詞不僅要準確表達意思，還必須在詞性和詞形上與上下文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致或匹配。根據(jù)圖表的呈現(xiàn)形式分為：1．組織結(jié)構(gòu)式；2．網(wǎng)絡(luò)式；3．射線式。任務(wù)型閱讀的出現(xiàn)不僅有利于考查學(xué)生把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、綜合處理信息的能力，體現(xiàn)出了新課改增加客觀表達題的努力，同時對英語教學(xué)和高考復(fù)習(xí)提出了極高的要求?！究键cpk】 名師考點透析任務(wù)型讀寫題要有以下特點:篇幅較長閱讀性量大閱讀材料和表格的總詞數(shù)約540個，閱讀量明顯長于完形填空題，總詞數(shù)略低于閱讀理解題D篇設(shè)有10個小題，共10分，標準完成時間是15分鐘。其題型是短文加表格，有兩種表格形式，一是結(jié)構(gòu)圖表，二是方框圖表。要求考生根據(jù)540詞左右的短文所提供的信息用恰當?shù)脑~語完成與短文相關(guān)的表格，每空一詞，單詞一般能在文中找到。參考時間為15分鐘。其特點是考察考生對文中有效信息進行二次加工，歸納要點、整合零散信息，并根據(jù)表格的形式把加工后的信息準確、有序地表達出來。3體裁多樣，結(jié)構(gòu)典型任務(wù)型閱讀的文章可能涉及記敘文、議論文、說明文和應(yīng)用文等各種體裁，結(jié)構(gòu)也是比較明顯的三段式，如記敘文是按照開端—經(jīng)過—結(jié)果。人物傳記一般是按照生平—成就—評價。說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)分為引引言—正文一結(jié)束語。議論文是通過論點—論據(jù)—結(jié)論展開，文章脈絡(luò)都比較清晰盡管話題很廣泛，但考慮到任務(wù)型閱讀的命題特點，其所關(guān)注的題材多集中在文化教育、科學(xué)技術(shù)、飲食健康和生活哲理上。以議論文、說明文形式出現(xiàn)的概率較大。4歸納轉(zhuǎn)換，形式多樣所填單詞的各種信息均來源于短文，按照信息的特點可分為兩人類:一類為顯性信息，即使用短文中某個現(xiàn)成的單詞或詞組進行詞性或詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換。另一類為隱性信息，即需要用另外的單詞去概括信息，這此信息隱藏在某個語句、語臺片段或整個短文中，需要歸納綜合才能得到。解題規(guī)律跟思路略讀 整合結(jié)構(gòu)，熟悉圖表 精讀 捕捉信息 提煉加工 整合 歸納概括 表述信息第一步：讀懂短文主要意思了解文章大意是解題的第一環(huán)，也是關(guān)鍵的一步。只有讀懂了文章，才能順利地在表格中填出相關(guān)的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小標題，要特別注意小標題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了標題有助于理解短文和表格的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。第二步：理清短文主體結(jié)構(gòu)了解短文的寫作思路和線索結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于加深對篇章內(nèi)容的理解，同時短文的結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是很重要的命題線索表格項目基本上就是根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計的。第三步：分析完表格后細讀文章，確定答案。仔細閱讀文章，尋找相關(guān)信息及關(guān)鍵詞。學(xué)會推理判斷，力爭返回原文，找出文章哪一部分與題目相關(guān)，抓住關(guān)鍵詞語，以此為線索，在文中找出詞、句、句群來滿足問題要求。1）掌握歸納技巧。有時表格中（尤其最上欄、最左欄）需要學(xué)生概括相應(yīng)欄內(nèi)的內(nèi)容，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會使用一些概括性詞語。常用歸納概括性詞匯有：aims，purposes，reasons，causes，results，effects，advice，suggestions，opinions，topics，background，introduction，advantages，disadvantages，attitudes，features，phenomena(phenomenon)，tips，characteristics(character)，personality，data，name，sex，conclusion等。有時不僅需要記清楚這些概括性詞匯，還要熟練掌握該詞匯的常用搭配，以便迅速鎖定最佳詞語。如比較an introduction of something，instructions for something，measures to something和knowledge about something 后，考生們可以根據(jù)不同的介詞的使用，快速辨清到底應(yīng)使用這幾個相近名詞中的哪一個。2）巧妙運用轉(zhuǎn)換。有時原文中的詞匯不能直接用來填入空格，要求學(xué)生用相應(yīng)詞組替代轉(zhuǎn)換。這就需要考生們平時多積累英語詞匯，學(xué)會用英語解釋英語，多查英英詞典，巧用同義詞、反義詞、前綴、后綴、常用句型、詞語搭配等。4．檢查答案。主要檢查字數(shù)是否符合要求，所填內(nèi)容與原文意思是否保持通順一致，句意是否連貫，是否符合語法規(guī)則等?？傊?，只要考生注意平時多做任務(wù)型閱讀的題目，多總結(jié)各種表格的特點，注意常用詞匯的積累，做題時細心并適時隨機應(yīng)變，完全可以游刃有余地應(yīng)對任務(wù)型閱讀這種新題型?！救旮呖肌? 0010 高考試題及其解析2010高考英語試題（2010高考安徽卷）任務(wù)型讀寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understand. As a good municator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.[來源:學(xué)amp?？芶mp。網(wǎng)Zamp。Xamp。Xamp。K]The first step is cooperating（合作）. How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding? In fact, it’s through the way you look and should while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.When the person begins to repeat what’s been said, it’s signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat back some words he is using, sending a clear signal that you’re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being municated. Ask some openended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.The fourth step is to summarize（概括）what you’ve heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this, two things happen. First, if you’ve shown that you’re making an effort to understand pletely. This increases the possibility of gaining cooperation from him.Having listened carefully, you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.When enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person bees less difficult and more cooperative.Topic(76) to understandReasonDifficult people hope they have been heard and(77) when they express themselves.(78)on listening◆(79) in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.◆Repeat some(80) that you have heard.◆Collect information about the person’s expressions and find his(81) .◆Give a(82) of what the person has said.◆Confirm that the person gains(83) from speaking his thoughts.ResultA difficult person will be(84) to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.CommentYou may unlock the doors to difficult people’s(85) after you listen and understand2009高考英語試題（09安徽卷）第一節(jié)任務(wù)型讀寫（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。Many people need guidance in choosing a career （職業(yè)）. Fortunately, there is much information on the Web about job opportunities （機會）. With all the information available, it39。s not surprising that people can feel confused. So if you39。re ready to start your first job or change careers, where do you begin?The Occupation Handbook is a good resource. Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and online. Not only is information provided about the United States as a whole, but readers can easily search for information about their particular state. You can read about the fastestgrowing occupations in the area where you live and find out what they are like. You can also learn how to apply for jobs. Take, for example, Nadia39。s situation. Nadia was a doctor39。s assistant in Iran, and her goal in the United States is to bee a nurse. However, she needs to work while she is studying nursing. She is interested in being a medical assistant to help work her way through college. When going online to the Handbook and searching under medical assistant, Nadia is happy to read that this is expected to be one of the fastestgrowing careers through 2010. Besides, job opportunities are even better for people with experience. She discovers that medical assistants