【正文】
2018屆高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)之七選五閱讀答題指導(dǎo)劉勇題型解讀試題模式為:給出一篇缺少5個(gè)句子的文章,對(duì)應(yīng)有七個(gè)選項(xiàng),要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容,選出正確的句子,填入相應(yīng)的空白處。 “主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和框架結(jié)構(gòu)以及語篇中段際及句際邏輯意義的銜接的理解和掌握。”命題依據(jù)是《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》提出的“提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力”的要求。這種題型以指導(dǎo)性或描述性說明文居多,這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)層次都比較清晰完整,邏輯嚴(yán)密,適合考查標(biāo)題概括、主題句和過渡句等,以達(dá)到考查學(xué)生綜合閱讀能力的要求。短文特征(說明文)u 全文或者各段落,一般為“總分”或者“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu),有主題段和主題句,交代本文和本段的中心思想,然后再展開或討論這個(gè)主題。u 全文層次分明,條理清晰,邏輯嚴(yán)密,在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上通常使用明顯的語言和格式標(biāo)記,便于理解。u 指導(dǎo)性說明文中常有 ways, methods, skills, techniques, suggestions, tips, steps, how(to do sth)等標(biāo)志性詞匯。每個(gè)建議或方法一般單獨(dú)成段,或常有“●”等標(biāo)記。主要考點(diǎn)u 主旨大意題:選出段落小標(biāo)題或主題句。u 句際關(guān)系題:正確選項(xiàng)與上下文之間主要有解釋例證、轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比、因果、遞進(jìn)、順承或順序、并列排比、概括歸納等邏輯關(guān)系。此為考察的重點(diǎn)。設(shè)空或選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)u 設(shè)空處通常是完整的句子,但也有可能是并列分句或從句,甚至是逗號(hào)隔開的短語(通常是狀語)。七個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與短文有關(guān),多為完整的句子,句型不一,長短不同,七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)通常由短到長排列。u 設(shè)空的位置可在段首,段中或段尾。u 正確的選項(xiàng)通常有三種:主旨概括句(考察對(duì)文章或段落的歸納概括能力), 過渡性句子(考察對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力),注釋性句子(考察對(duì)上下文邏輯意義的理解能力)解題技巧一、根據(jù)位置線索解題二、根據(jù)邏輯線索解題三、根據(jù)詞匯線索解題解題技巧一:根據(jù)位置信息解題(三種可能):u 通常是段落主題句。短小精悍,多為名詞性短語或祈使句。閱讀此段剩余內(nèi)容,根據(jù)段落一致性原則,查找相關(guān)詞或者同義詞,從而鎖定答案。u 與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系。著重閱讀后文一二句,鎖定線索信號(hào)詞,然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。正確選項(xiàng)與后文的句子在意思上是銜接的,因此通常這兩句話之間會(huì)有某種銜接手段。u 段落間的過渡句。此時(shí)要瞻前顧后找啟示,閱讀上一段結(jié)尾。通常正確選項(xiàng)可以承上啟下,起到兩段之間很好的過渡作用。例1: In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. 答案:Find the right motivation. (主題句)例2: However, he is not a fish. Because he must breathe air, he can’t stay under the water surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems. 答案:Man wants to explore deep into the sea. (與后文轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并啟示下文內(nèi)容。):通常正確選項(xiàng)的句子在語境和邏輯方面和上下文有密切的關(guān)系,通常為過渡句或細(xì)節(jié)注釋句。注意句際體現(xiàn)時(shí)間、原因、方式、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞以及邏輯性插入語等。例3: Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隱形眼鏡). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.答案:Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear. (注意祈使句與otherwise的搭配邏輯)例4: Unfortunately, we39。ve all been victims of betrayal . Whether we39。ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can39。t trust anymore. 37 It39。s understandable , but if you39。re willing to build trust in a relationship again , we have some steps you can take to get you there.答案:They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. (前后因果關(guān)系,注釋無法再信任的原因,并與下文u