【正文】
研 究 生 學(xué) 位 論 文 中國(guó)濱海城市旅游季節(jié)性研究研究生姓名 XXX 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 XXX 申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別 碩 士 專業(yè)名稱 旅游管理 論文答辯日期 年 月 日學(xué)位授予日期 年 月 中 國(guó) 海 洋 大 學(xué)謹(jǐn)以此論文獻(xiàn)給三年來(lái)給予我很多關(guān)心和幫助的導(dǎo)師XX以及我的父母。 XXX中國(guó)濱海城市旅游季節(jié)性研究 學(xué)位論文完成日期: 指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 答辯委員會(huì)成員簽字: 獨(dú) 創(chuàng) 聲 明本人聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。據(jù)我所知,除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外,論文中不包含其他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過(guò)的研究成果,也不包含其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或證書使用過(guò)的材料。與我一同工作的同志對(duì)本研究所做的任何貢獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作了明確的說(shuō)明并表示謝意。 學(xué)位論文作者簽名: 簽字日期: 年 月 日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定,并同意以下事項(xiàng):學(xué)校有權(quán)保留并向國(guó)家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和磁盤,允許論文被查閱和借閱。學(xué)??梢詫W(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索,可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存、匯編學(xué)位論文。同時(shí)授權(quán)清華大學(xué)“中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊(光盤版)電子雜志社”用于出版和編入CNKI《中國(guó)知識(shí)資源總庫(kù)》,授權(quán)中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所將本學(xué)位論文收錄到《中國(guó)學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)》。(保密的學(xué)位論文在解密后適用本授權(quán)書)學(xué)位論文作者簽名: 導(dǎo)師簽字:簽字日期: 年 月 日 簽字日期: 年 月 日68 / 78中國(guó)濱海城市旅游季節(jié)性研究摘 要旅游季節(jié)性可以歸納旅游者的旅游活動(dòng)和旅游業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)隨時(shí)間變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的淡、旺季差異。旅游季節(jié)性是旅游活動(dòng)中普遍存在的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,被稱為旅游中最容易理解卻是最難以解決的問(wèn)題。我國(guó)海岸線綿延曲折,海洋旅游資源豐富,濱海地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá),是我國(guó)旅游發(fā)展旺盛的地區(qū)。濱海城市以其獨(dú)特的旅游資源、發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和便利的海陸空交通運(yùn)輸條件在發(fā)展旅游的過(guò)程中展現(xiàn)出了得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢(shì),成為我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的熱點(diǎn)旅游城市,旅游收益與游客接待量普遍高于全國(guó)其他城市。按照濱海地區(qū)的氣候狀況,可以將濱海地區(qū)劃分為熱帶濱海地區(qū)、南亞熱帶濱海地區(qū)、中亞熱帶濱海地區(qū)、北亞熱帶濱海地區(qū)、南溫帶濱海地區(qū),不同的地區(qū)都有相應(yīng)的旅游或者經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的城市,成為這些地區(qū)旅游中心帶。不同地區(qū)的濱海城市在受到旅游季節(jié)性影響因素制約時(shí)表現(xiàn)出不同的客流變化規(guī)律,各種因素在同一城市及同一因素在不同城市起到不同程度的作用。文中選取了不同氣候帶的四個(gè)濱海城市三亞、廣州、上海、青島作為研究目標(biāo)。旅游的季節(jié)性影響因素綜合來(lái)說(shuō)可以分為自然因素、社會(huì)因素、人為因素和客源地因素等方面。其中自然因素主要是受旅游目的地的氣候條件、地理位置、四季變化等因素的影響;社會(huì)因素主要受到了當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教、文化等各方面影響;人為因素主要受了旅游目的地的客流信息傳遞和形象宣傳與定位以及相應(yīng)的節(jié)假日制度的影響;客源地因素主要包括了客源國(guó)家或者地區(qū)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、自然條件、旅游資源狀況及旅游目的地的客源地集中程度。從這些因素中提取出一些定量的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括溫濕指數(shù)與風(fēng)效指數(shù)(自然因素)、節(jié)事及事件(社會(huì)因素)、休假制度(人為因素)、客源地地理集中度(客源地因素),評(píng)價(jià)四個(gè)目標(biāo)城市旅游季節(jié)性影響力的強(qiáng)弱。濱海旅游城市客流的分布情況可以顯現(xiàn)其具體的旅游季節(jié)性狀況,通過(guò)計(jì)算及橫、縱比較四個(gè)城市的高峰指數(shù)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),四個(gè)城市中最低的是上海,其次是廣州,再次是三亞,最高的是青島,這與自然氣候條件并不完全相符,再結(jié)合四個(gè)城市客流量的按月分布圖可以發(fā)現(xiàn)旅游業(yè)對(duì)自然旅游資源依賴程度較高的濱海城市(如青島和三亞)的旅游季節(jié)性主要受自然季節(jié)性因素的影響,其他因素在自然季節(jié)性因素的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)季節(jié)性強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)或者減弱。旅游業(yè)對(duì)自然旅游資源依賴程度較低的濱海城市(如上海和廣州)旅游季節(jié)性并不明顯,受自然季節(jié)性因素影響相對(duì)較??;客源地的地理集中度對(duì)旅游地的客流尤其是入境客流季節(jié)性強(qiáng)度影響明顯,地理集中度較小的地區(qū)會(huì)大大削減客流的季節(jié)性強(qiáng)度;節(jié)假日制度對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)客流影響顯著,但對(duì)入境旅游影響不明顯;普通會(huì)展對(duì)旅游客流的影響不明顯,但與旅游相關(guān)的大型節(jié)事活動(dòng)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)乜土鞯睦瓌?dòng)作用十分顯著。關(guān)鍵詞:旅游季節(jié)性 三亞 廣州 上海 青島A Study on Tourism Seasonality of the Coastal Cities in ChinaAbstract Tourism seasonality suggests the differences between peak and off season of touristes activities and tourism management acpanying with time changes. Tourism seasonality is a mon phenomemon in tour activities, which is much easier to prehend than to settle. There is a long coast line with abundant tourism resources in China and developed coastal region bees the hot spot in Chinese tourism. Coastal city with special tourism resource, highly developed economic and the convenient transportation shows the biggest advantage in tourism development and bees the popular tourist city in China, which has better tourism ine and highly tourist receipts. According to the climate of coastal region, it can be divided into four regions:tropical coastal region, south subtropical coastal region, amid subtropical coastal region, north subtropical coastal region and south temperate coastal region. Every region has its own popular tourist centre with high development in tourism or economy,where tourist flow changes in different laws subjected to the tourism seasonality. Different impact factors have different degree of influence in one city, and similarly, the same factor behaves different in different cities. This paper chooses Sanya, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Qingdao as samples from different climatic zones.Factors influence tourism seasonality can be divided into natural factor, social factor, human factor and source factor etc.. Natural factor is subject to climate, geography and seasons of destination.。 Social factor includes customs ,habits, religion, cultural etc.。 Human factor contains the information of tourist flow, public image of the city and holiday system etc.。 Source factor refers to customs, habits, natural condition and tourism resources of the tourismgenerating region, besides, it also refers to concentrative degree of the source around the destination. This paper extracts some quantitative indices for evaluation of the tourism seasonality of the four sample cities, including THI and wind effect index (natural factor), FSE(social factor), holiday system(natural factor) and concentrative degree of the source. (source factor)Tourist flow of coastal city can show its tourism seasonality. Calculating as well as vertically and horizontally paring between the four cities, it can be found that Shanghai has the lowest peak index, and then Sanya, Qingdao is the top one, which does not pletely agree with the climate. Associating quantity of the tourists calculated by mounth, it can be found that the tourism seasonality of the coastal cities mainly depending on the natural resources ( and Sanya) is mainly subject to natural factor, the other factors strengthen or weaken the effect. Well, coastal cities that do not mainly depend on the natural tourism resources ( and Guangzhou) have unapparent tourism seasonality, which has little effect with natural factor, on the contrary, the concentrative degree of the origin affectes the tourist flow esp. in the inbound tourism seasonality, the lower concentration brings the weaker tourism seasonality. The holiday system affects domestic tourist flow more than inbound tourist flow. Ordinary fairs and exhibitions have little effect with tourist flow, but the Megaevent brings notable result.