【正文】 1 船舶 與海洋工程 英語 2 目錄 Part 1. The Naval Architect………………………………………… … .… …… .… .....1 2. Definitions, Principal Dimensions……………………… ……… .… .… … … ....3 3. Merchant ship Types……………………………………… ……… ..…… … … 10 4. Ship Design………………………………………………………… …… … 16 5. General Arrangement……………………………………………… …… ....… 20 6. Ship Lines……………………………………………… …… ..……… … ...… 25 7. Ship Equilibrium, Stability and Trim…………………………… ………… .. 28 8. Estimating Power Requirements………………………………… ……… .… .33 9. Ship Motions, Maneuverability…………………………… ……… ………… 37 10. The Function of Ship Structural Components…………………………… ………… .....40 11. Structural Design, Ship Stresses……………………………………………… …… .......43 12. Classification Societies…………………………………………… … … ...… 48 13. Shipyard, Organization, Layout……………………………… … ..… .....… ..53 14. Planning, From Contract to Working Plans……………………… …… ...… .56 15. Lines Plan and Fairing, Fabrication and Assembly………………… …… ....58 16. Launching and Outfitting………………………………………… …… … ....61 17. Sea Trials……………………………………………………………… … … 64 18. Marine Engines……………… ………………………………………………… …… ...66 19. Marine Electrical Equipment…………………………………… …… ..…… 71 20. Unattended Machinery Spaces…………………………………… … .…… ..76 21. Mobile Drilling Platforms…………………………………………………………… ...81 22. Examples of Offshore Structures……………………………………… .… ..85 23. Oceanographic Submersibles…………………………………………… .… 91 24 .Application of Engineering Economics to Ship Design…………… ..…… ..94 25. Computer Development and the Naval Architect………………… …… ..… 98 Part2. 26. 船舶英語實(shí)用 詞匯 手冊(cè) ……………………………………………………… …… ..101 27. 船舶英語縮略語 ………… ………………………………… …………………… ...… 129 3 Lesson One The Naval Architect A naval architect asked to design a ship may receive his instructions in a form ranging from such simple requirements as ―an oil tanker to carry 100 000 tons deadweight at 15 knots‖ to a fully detailed specification of precisely planned requirements. He is usually required to prepare a design for a vessel that must carry a certain weight of cargo (or number of passengers ) at a specified speed with particular reference to trade requirement。 highdensity cargoes, such as machinery, require little hold capacity, while the reverse is true for lowdensity cargoes, such as grain. Deadweight is defined as weight of cargo plus fuel and consumable stores, and lightweight as the weight of the hull, including machinery and equipment. The designer must choose dimensions such that the displacement of the vessel is equal to the sum of the dead weight and the lightweight tonnages. The fineness of the hull must be appropriate to the speed. The draftwhich is governed by freeboard rulesenables the depth to be determined to a first approximation. After selecting tentative values of length, breadth, depth, draft, and displacement, the designer must achieve a weight balance. He must also select a moment balance because centres of gravity in both longitudinal and vertical directions must provide satisfactory trim and stability. Additionally, he must estimate the shaft horsepower required for the specified speed。 this determines the weight of machinery. The strength of the hull must be adequate for the service intended, detailed scantlings (frame dimensions and plate thicknesses ) can be obtained from the rules of the classification society. These scantings determine the requisite weight of hull steel. The vessel should possess satisfactory steering characteristics, freedom from troublesome vibration, and should ply with the many varied requirements of international regulations. Possessing an attractive appearance, the ship should have the minimum register tonnage, the factor on which harbour and other dues are based. (The gross tonnage represents the volume of all closedin spaces above the inner bottom. The tonnage is the gross tonnage minus certain deductible spaces that do not produce revenue. Net tonnage c an therefore be regarded as a measure of the earning capacity of the ship, hence its use as a basis for harbour and docking charges. ) Passenger vessels must satisfy a standard of bulkhead subdivision that will ensure adequate stability under specified conditions if the hull is pierced accidentally or through collision. Compromise plays a considerable part in producing a satisfactory design. A naval architect must be a master of approximations. If the required design closely resembles that of a ship already built for which full information is available, the designer can calculate the effects of differences between this ship and the projected ship. If, however, this information is not available, he must first produce coefficients based upon experience and, after refining them, check the results by calculation. Training There are four major requirements for a good naval architect. The first is a clear understanding of the fundamental principles of applied science, particularly those aspects of science that have direct application to shipsmathematics, physics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, materials, structural strength, stability, resistance, and propulsion. The second is a detailed knowledge of past and present practice in shipbuilding. The third is personal experience of accepted methods in the design, construction, and operation of ships。 and the fourth, and perhaps most important, is an aptitude for tackling new technical problems and of devising practical solutions. The professional training of naval architects differs widely in the various maritime countries. Unimany universities and polytechnic schools。 such academic training must be supplemented by practical experience in a shipyard. Trends in design The introduction of calculating machines and puters has facilitated the plex calculations required in 4 naval archi