【正文】 第二講 信息資源組織方法 第六章 元數(shù)據(jù)方法 劉煒 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 目錄 ?元數(shù)據(jù)一般概念 ?國(guó)外元數(shù)據(jù)研究與應(yīng)用的歷史與現(xiàn)狀 ?國(guó)內(nèi)元數(shù)據(jù)研究與應(yīng)用的歷史與現(xiàn)狀 ?趨勢(shì)與問(wèn)題 ? DC元數(shù)據(jù)方法 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 元數(shù)據(jù)一般概念 ?定義 ?來(lái)源 ?作用 ?分類(lèi) ?模型 思考： 1. 元數(shù)據(jù)概念早已有之，為什么現(xiàn)在會(huì)非常熱門(mén)？ 2. 固然 MARC是一種元數(shù)據(jù)格式，但是它與“現(xiàn)代”元數(shù)據(jù)究竟又什么大的區(qū)別？ 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 元數(shù)據(jù)定義 ? “ meta‖來(lái)自古希臘語(yǔ)，意思是更高層次或更基本的概念 ? 關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)（ data about data） ? 關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)（ structured data about data） ? 用于描述數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)容（ what）、覆蓋范圍（ where, when）、質(zhì)量、管理方式、數(shù)據(jù)的所有者（ who）、數(shù)據(jù)的提供方式（ how）等信息的數(shù)據(jù)，是數(shù)據(jù)與數(shù)據(jù)用戶之間的橋梁 ? 資源的信息 (Information about a resource) ? 編目信息 (Cataloguing information) ? 管理、控制信息（ Administrative information) ? 是一組獨(dú)立的關(guān)于資源的說(shuō)明（ metadata is a set of independent assertions about a resource ） ? 定義和描述其它數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)（ data that defines and describes other data （ ISO/IEC 111793:2022(E)） ? Metadata在臺(tái)灣被譯作“元資料”、“詮釋資料”、“后設(shè)資料”、“文后資料”、“超資料”等多種名稱。 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 來(lái)源 ?計(jì)算機(jī) /數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)領(lǐng)域 ?網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息標(biāo)注 /檢索 ?進(jìn)一步發(fā)展：機(jī)器對(duì)于語(yǔ)義的理解和處理（語(yǔ)義萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)） 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 元數(shù)據(jù)的作用 ? 元數(shù)據(jù)的主要功能是定位（ location）、尋找或發(fā)掘（ discovery）、存檔（ documentation）、評(píng)價(jià)（ evaluation）與選擇（ selection）等五大功能 *； ? 其他作用：鏈接與交互關(guān)系的體現(xiàn)（ linkage and interactive relationship management）、整合 XML、RDF與 ； ? 描述、檢索、選擇、定位、管理、評(píng)估與交互等功能 **。 *來(lái)自于歐洲 DESIRE（ Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education）計(jì)劃的元數(shù)據(jù)分析報(bào)告 **北大數(shù)字圖書(shū)館研究所的研究報(bào)告 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Metadata supports operations on resources …. … and relieves the user of having to have advance knowledge of the characteristics or existence of the resource. –Know what resources are available –Know how to play a resource –Know provenance of a resource –Know what use policy governs a resource –Know how to ingest a resource –Know how to interact with a resource –Know how to pose/depose resources – … 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 A ?portal‘ turned inside out … Common services Content services Application services Presentation services I need a few references From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services authentication From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Directory: user profile From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Query broker From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Directory: service/collection description From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Content: results list From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 I’d like to get this book. Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Request broker From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Directory: ILL policy From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Directory: service/collection description From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Content: circ/ILL system From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 I need this article too. Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Request broker From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services openURL resolver From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Directory: local knowledge base From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Nearly there … Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Directory: service/collection description From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Content: article From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 Directory: ILL policy Common services Content services Application services Presentation services Authentication Directory: user profile Query broker Directory: service/collection description Reference db Request broker Circ/ILL system OpenURL resolver Directory: local knowledge base Article db ? Metadata for multiple entities required to support operations. ? This picture could be extended in multiple ways. From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 元數(shù)據(jù)大家庭 Cultural heritage Media industry Web/ Inter Library Instructional technology Egov Research munities Book industry EAD, MARC AMC, .. MARC, MODS, DC, RSLP, .. Onix, … XML, RDF, OWL, … CSDGM, DDI, NBII, IVOA, … EGMS, AGLS, GILS, … GEM, DCED, IEEELOM, SCORM, … MPEG, JPEG, TIAACREF… * * * * From slides by Lorcan Dempsey 北京大學(xué)研究生課程進(jìn)修班 2022 上海 元數(shù)據(jù)的分類(lèi) Asset metadata – Who, Where amp。 When: Title, Creator, Publisher, Contributor, Date, Type, Format, Identifier, Source, Language Subject metadata – What amp。 Why: Subject, Description, Coverage Relational metadata – Links between and to: Relation Use metadata – How can it be used: Rights amp。 Permissions Enabled Functionality