【正文】 .. . . ..小升初英語復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)歸納 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加s，如：bookbooks, bagbags, catcats, bedbeds 2．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加es，如：busbuses, boxboxes, brushbrushes, watchwatches 3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加es，如：familyfamilies, strawberrystrawberries 4．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加es，如：knifeknives 5．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： manmen womanwomen policemanpolicemen policewomanpolicewomen mousemice childchildren footfeet toothteeth fishfish peoplepeople ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese 二、代詞 人稱代詞 主格 賓格 形容詞性物主代詞(短) 名詞性物主代詞（長(zhǎng)） 我 I me my mine 你 you you your yours 他 he him his his 她 she her her hers 我們 we us our ours 你們 you you your yours 他們 they them their theirs 口訣： 主格應(yīng)該作主語，放在句子的開頭。 賓格應(yīng)該作賓語，放在動(dòng)詞介詞后； 形容詞性的物主代詞不能單獨(dú)用，必須接名詞或其他詞； 名詞性的物主代詞，單獨(dú)使用就可以。 如： I am a student. What is your name? His bag is on the desk. That one is not his. We can from America. We are friends. Let me help you. These shoes are nice. Try them on. They are drinking tea. 三、動(dòng)詞 1. be動(dòng)詞：am is are 2. 普通動(dòng)詞：have go e take get buy pass sit stand have talk walk see catch put等。 動(dòng)詞的變化形式：動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、動(dòng)詞+ing、動(dòng)詞的過去式（詳見 時(shí)態(tài)） 3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。如： I / He / She / They can sing. You should keep quiet in the library. You mustn’t play with fire. Can you help me? 4. 使役動(dòng)詞：have, make, let后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。 如：Let me help you. Mother made Jim stay at home all day. 四、疑問詞 1. what who whose which where when why how 2. “Wh” questions:What are you doing?What colour is it? What time is it? What’s the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who’s the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school everyday? 五、形容詞和副詞 big small little large tall long short fat thin old new young clean dirty warm hot cool cold fast slow lazy busy cheap early late high low tired hungry thirsty beautiful delicious expensive favourite friendly popular 六、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 1．一般在形容詞或副詞后+erolder taller longer stronger 2. 多音節(jié)詞前+moremore interesting more exciting 3. 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再+erbigger fatter4. 把y變i，再+erheavier earlier5. 不規(guī)則變化：wellbetter much/manymore 6. favourite 沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 如下表： 形容詞（原級(jí)） 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) old older the oldest new newer the newest thin thinner the thinnest big bigger the biggest heavy heavier the heaviest early earlier the earliest boring more boring the most boring difficult more difficult the most difficult expensive more expensive the most expensive 七、介詞和副詞 in on at under in front of behind after over across into out of beside near next to 八、some 和any I have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters? There are some books on the desk. Are there any books on the desk? 九、時(shí)態(tài)（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。 2．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。 3．在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 4．在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形；主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。 動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加s，如：cookcooks, milkmilks 2 ．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加es，如：guessguesses, washwashes, watchwatches, gogoes 3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加es，如：studystudies （二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be doing, 通常用 “Look!”“now”.1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing. 3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。 4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。 動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cookcooking 2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：makemaking, tastetasting 3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：runrunning, stopstopping （三）一般將來時(shí) be going to 1．be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。 2．肯定句：be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形, 如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首, 如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？如：What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？如：Who is going to play football? will 1．表示將要發(fā)生的事。 2．肯定句：I will go to the zoo tomorrow. 否定句：I will not (won’t) go to the zoo tomorrow. 一般疑問句：Will you go to the zoo tomorrow? 特殊疑問句： Who will go to the zoo tomorrow? Where will you go tomorrow? When will you go to the zoo? （四）一般過去時(shí) 1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。 一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化： ⑴am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t） ⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 3．句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子 否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句： ⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)：疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ed，如：pullpulled, cookcooked 2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：tastetasted 3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ed，如：stopstopped 4．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加ed，如：studystudied 5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式： am,iswas, arewere, dodid, seesaw, saysaid, givegave,