【正文】 河北工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 i 基于單片機(jī)的電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載保護(hù)技術(shù)的研究 摘 要 電動(dòng)機(jī)作為主要的動(dòng)力設(shè)備在 工、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展 中扮演著重要的角色。 但是，因?yàn)槭褂貌划?dāng)或其他原因造成電動(dòng)機(jī)故障的幾率也是很大的。這不但造成電氣設(shè)備的浪費(fèi) ， 還會(huì)因此而帶來(lái)不等的間接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，因此 ，對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)采取有效的 保護(hù)措施是非常必要的。隨著對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)性能要求的不斷提高，其保護(hù)系統(tǒng) 也應(yīng)隨之改進(jìn)。 研制系統(tǒng)完善、可靠性高的電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)已是必然的趨勢(shì)。 本文首先介紹了電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的發(fā)展歷程和國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究情況以及未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。其次，分析了電動(dòng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)故障原因及對(duì)稱(chēng)分量法在 故障判斷中的應(yīng)用。最后，結(jié)合現(xiàn)有理論，設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了以單片機(jī) AT89S52為核心的電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載保護(hù)裝置的硬件電路，同時(shí)根據(jù)理論算法設(shè)計(jì)了裝置的軟件系統(tǒng)，兩者相結(jié)合最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了保護(hù)裝置的功能。 整套裝置包括了：主控制芯片、數(shù)據(jù)采集單元、時(shí)鐘顯示單元、鍵盤(pán)處理單元和報(bào)警中斷等模塊電路。將裝置模塊化不僅便于設(shè)計(jì)、調(diào)試，而且對(duì)軟件編程也有幫助，簡(jiǎn)化了程序編寫(xiě)，出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)易于分析、查找。 本裝置是在傳統(tǒng)電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)而成的。 結(jié)果證明， 靈敏度和精確度均優(yōu)于后者。為使其性能更加可靠，需要從軟件和硬件兩方面作進(jìn)一步的 研究，以提高系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力。 關(guān)鍵字： 對(duì)稱(chēng)分量法 ， 過(guò)載保護(hù) ， 可靠性 基于單片機(jī)的電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載保護(hù)技術(shù)的研究 ii MOTOR OVERLOAD PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER Abstract As a major power equipment, motor plays an important role in industrial and agricultural production and development. However, because of improper use or other causes, motor failure probability is great. This not only results in the waste of electrical equipment, but also creates indirect economic losses, therefore, it is very necessary to take effective measures to motor protection. With the continuous improvement of motor performance requirements, its protection system should also be improved. It is the inevitable trend that develop ing system perfect, reliable motor protection system. First of all, this paper describes the development of motor protection devices, research at home and aboard, as well as the future trend. Second, it analyses the mon cause of motor and the application of symmetrical ponent method in fault diagnosis. Finally, with existing theory, designing and implementing the hardware circuit of motor overload protection based on microcontroller AT89S52, meanwhile, according to theory algorithm, designing the software system. Combining the two parts, the function achieves. The whole package includes: MCU, data acquisition unit, the clock display unit, keyboard processing unit and alarm interruption. Modular circuit is not only easy to design, debug, also helpful to software programming, simplifying programming, easy to analysis and find when error. This device is designed based on traditional motor overload protection. It is proved that sensitivity and accuracy are both better than the latter. In order to make it more reliable, both the hardware and software need further research to improve the antijamming capability of the system. KEY WORDS: symmetrical ponent method, overload protection, reliability 河北工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 iii 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................................... 1 167。 11 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)的意義 ........................................................................................................... 1 167。1 2 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的發(fā)展歷史 ............................................................................................. 1 121 熱繼電器型保護(hù)方式 ................................................................................................. 1 122 電磁型保護(hù) 方式 ........................................................................................................ 2 123 溫度保護(hù)方式 ........................................................................................................... 2 124 電子式保護(hù)方式 ........................................................................................................ 2 125 微處理器式保護(hù)方式 ................................................................................................. 2 167。1 3 國(guó)內(nèi)外在過(guò)載保護(hù)方面的研究和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ........................................................................ 3 167。1 4 本文的研究?jī)?nèi) .................................................................................................................. 4 第二章 電動(dòng)機(jī)保護(hù)原理 ........................................................................................................ 5 167。2 1 對(duì)稱(chēng)分量法 ...................................................................................................................... 5 167。2 2 電動(dòng)機(jī)常見(jiàn)故障的保護(hù)措施 ............................................................................................. 7 221 過(guò)載保護(hù) .................................................................................................................. 7 222 堵轉(zhuǎn)保護(hù) .................................................................................................................11 223 零序電流保護(hù) ..........................................................................................................12 224 短路保護(hù) .................................................................................................................12 225 過(guò)熱保護(hù) ............................................................................................................... 112 226 欠壓和過(guò)壓保護(hù) .......................................................................................................13 227 起動(dòng)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)保護(hù) ...................................................................................................13 228 頻繁 起動(dòng)保護(hù) ..........................................................................................................14 第三章 電動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)載保護(hù)裝置的硬件研究與設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................15 167。3 1 智能型過(guò)載保護(hù)裝置的總體結(jié)構(gòu) .....................................................................................15 167。3 2 單片機(jī) 系統(tǒng)單元的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................16 321 單片機(jī)的選型 ..........................................................................................................16 322 主控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................................20 323 上電復(fù)位電路 ....................................................................................................