【正文】 河北工業(yè)大學碩士學位論文 i 基于單片機的電動機過載保護技術(shù)的研究 摘 要 電動機作為主要的動力設備在 工、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展 中扮演著重要的角色。 但是，因為使用不當或其他原因造成電動機故障的幾率也是很大的。這不但造成電氣設備的浪費 ， 還會因此而帶來不等的間接經(jīng)濟損失，因此 ，對電動機采取有效的 保護措施是非常必要的。隨著對電動機性能要求的不斷提高，其保護系統(tǒng) 也應隨之改進。 研制系統(tǒng)完善、可靠性高的電動機保護系統(tǒng)已是必然的趨勢。 本文首先介紹了電動機保護裝置的發(fā)展歷程和國內(nèi)外的研究情況以及未來的發(fā)展趨勢。其次，分析了電動機常見故障原因及對稱分量法在 故障判斷中的應用。最后，結(jié)合現(xiàn)有理論，設計并實現(xiàn)了以單片機 AT89S52為核心的電動機過載保護裝置的硬件電路，同時根據(jù)理論算法設計了裝置的軟件系統(tǒng)，兩者相結(jié)合最終實現(xiàn)了保護裝置的功能。 整套裝置包括了：主控制芯片、數(shù)據(jù)采集單元、時鐘顯示單元、鍵盤處理單元和報警中斷等模塊電路。將裝置模塊化不僅便于設計、調(diào)試，而且對軟件編程也有幫助，簡化了程序編寫，出現(xiàn)錯誤時易于分析、查找。 本裝置是在傳統(tǒng)電動機保護裝置的基礎上設計而成的。 結(jié)果證明， 靈敏度和精確度均優(yōu)于后者。為使其性能更加可靠，需要從軟件和硬件兩方面作進一步的 研究，以提高系統(tǒng)的抗干擾能力。 關(guān)鍵字： 對稱分量法 ， 過載保護 ， 可靠性 基于單片機的電動機過載保護技術(shù)的研究 ii MOTOR OVERLOAD PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER Abstract As a major power equipment, motor plays an important role in industrial and agricultural production and development. However, because of improper use or other causes, motor failure probability is great. This not only results in the waste of electrical equipment, but also creates indirect economic losses, therefore, it is very necessary to take effective measures to motor protection. With the continuous improvement of motor performance requirements, its protection system should also be improved. It is the inevitable trend that develop ing system perfect, reliable motor protection system. First of all, this paper describes the development of motor protection devices, research at home and aboard, as well as the future trend. Second, it analyses the mon cause of motor and the application of symmetrical ponent method in fault diagnosis. Finally, with existing theory, designing and implementing the hardware circuit of motor overload protection based on microcontroller AT89S52, meanwhile, according to theory algorithm, designing the software system. Combining the two parts, the function achieves. The whole package includes: MCU, data acquisition unit, the clock display unit, keyboard processing unit and alarm interruption. Modular circuit is not only easy to design, debug, also helpful to software programming, simplifying programming, easy to analysis and find when error. This device is designed based on traditional motor overload protection. It is proved that sensitivity and accuracy are both better than the latter. In order to make it more reliable, both the hardware and software need further research to improve the antijamming capability of the system. KEY WORDS: symmetrical ponent method, overload protection, reliability 河北工業(yè)大學碩士學位論文 iii 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................................... 1 167。 11 電動機保護的意義 ........................................................................................................... 1 167。1 2 電動機保護裝置的發(fā)展歷史 ............................................................................................. 1 121 熱繼電器型保護方式 ................................................................................................. 1 122 電磁型保護 方式 ........................................................................................................ 2 123 溫度保護方式 ........................................................................................................... 2 124 電子式保護方式 ........................................................................................................ 2 125 微處理器式保護方式 ................................................................................................. 2 167。1 3 國內(nèi)外在過載保護方面的研究和發(fā)展趨勢 ........................................................................ 3 167。1 4 本文的研究內(nèi) .................................................................................................................. 4 第二章 電動機保護原理 ........................................................................................................ 5 167。2 1 對稱分量法 ...................................................................................................................... 5 167。2 2 電動機常見故障的保護措施 ............................................................................................. 7 221 過載保護 .................................................................................................................. 7 222 堵轉(zhuǎn)保護 .................................................................................................................11 223 零序電流保護 ..........................................................................................................12 224 短路保護 .................................................................................................................12 225 過熱保護 ............................................................................................................... 112 226 欠壓和過壓保護 .......................................................................................................13 227 起動時間過長保護 ...................................................................................................13 228 頻繁 起動保護 ..........................................................................................................14 第三章 電動機過載保護裝置的硬件研究與設計 ........................................................15 167。3 1 智能型過載保護裝置的總體結(jié)構(gòu) .....................................................................................15 167。3 2 單片機 系統(tǒng)單元的設計 ...................................................................................................16 321 單片機的選型 ..........................................................................................................16 322 主控系統(tǒng)的設計 .......................................................................................................20 323 上電復位電路 ....................................................................................................