【正文】 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars單元要點預(yù)覽詞匯部分詞語辨析1. loudly / loud / aloud 2. unlike / dislike 3. remain / leave4. climate / weather 5. now that / since / because / as 詞形變化1. violent adj.強暴的，猛烈的violence ，強暴；猛烈violently adv. 強暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental (礎(chǔ))的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則) fundamentally adv. 基本地；根本地 fundament n. 基礎(chǔ)；根本3. development n.生長，發(fā)展；新情況develop vt.發(fā)展；產(chǎn)生 ；發(fā)展developed adj. 發(fā)達(dá)的developing adj. 發(fā)展的4. lay ；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋) laylaidlaidlayinglie vi. 躺，平放；位于lielaylainlyinglie n.amp。vi. 謊話；說謊lieliedliedlying5. prevent vt. 預(yù)防，防止prevention ；阻止；妨礙preventable ，可預(yù)防的6. gentle adj.和藹的；輕柔的gently ；靜靜地7. physics n.物理，物理學(xué)physicist n.物理學(xué)家physical ；物理(學(xué))的；物質(zhì)的 重點單詞 1. system n.[c] 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法 2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把……放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯) ；產(chǎn)(蛋)3. harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的 4. exist vi. 存在；生存 5. puzzle v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思 ；難題6. pull ，拖，拔；移動 ，拖；拉(引)力7. cheer vt.amp。vi. (使)高興、振奮；(對)歡呼 重點詞組1. to begin with 以……開始；由……作為開頭；首先2. in time 及時；最終；遲早3. in one’ s turn 輪到某人；接著4. prevent...from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事5. block out 擋?。ü饩€）6. be off = set off 出發(fā)；動身；不用上班/學(xué)/開張7. break out (災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)8. watch out 密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防 重點句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere.2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop.3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.重點語法賓語從句和表語從句（見語法部分）語言要點Ⅰ.詞語辨析 1. loudly / loud / aloud【解釋】 loudly adv 響亮地，高聲地 loud adj/adv 與sing, speak, talk連用aloud adv 相對默讀而言；出聲【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). Will you please speak ______? 2). It is good for you to read English ______ every morning. 3). The bomb exploded ______.4). Is her voice ______ enough ?5). Action speaks ______ than words (事實勝于雄辯). 2. unlike / dislike【解釋】unlike prep. 不像，和……不同 adj. [作表語] 不相似；不同dislike vt./n. 不喜愛，厭惡【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). A good hotel manager should know his regular guests’ likes and ______.2). Her latest novel is quite ______ her earlier work.3). If you go on like that you’ ll get yourself _______ (like).4). I was very interested in the lecture, ______ many of the students.3. remain/leave【解釋】remain vi. 仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain + n. 仍然是 remain + adj./adv./prep. 仍然是 remain + ved/ving 仍然是 remain to be done有待去做，依然要做leave vt. 剩下，忽略或未拿或未帶（某物），使或讓（某人、事物）處某狀態(tài)﹑某地等常用句型：leave sb. sth. / leave sth. to sb. 給某人留下某物leave sth (for sb) 留下，交待下(某物) leave sth to sb 將某物遺贈給某人remaining/left兩者都可以作形容詞，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修飾的名詞之前，后者用于被修飾的名詞之后?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). Someone ______ you this note while you were out. 2). After the earthquake, little ______ of the village. 3). He used the ______ money to buy a dictionary.4). After buying the dictionary, he had not much money______. 5). Arriving home, I found that I’ d ______ my key in the office. 6). Don’ t leave her ______ (wait) outside in the rain. 7). She remained _______ (change) after all these years.8). A great many things remain _______ (do). 4. climate / weather【解釋】climate指從長時間的范圍來看某地的平均氣候或經(jīng)常性的氣候；weather指某地一時的天氣，如寒暖、晴雨和干濕的變化情況。【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). We shall go out for a piic tomorrow if the _______ is fine.2). A drier _______ would be good for your health.3). I couldn’t imagine what it would be like to live in a hot ________. 4). The _______ of our country is mild, but individual places experience bad ________. 5. now that / since / because / as【解釋】都可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，語氣最強的是because，引導(dǎo)直接而明確的原因，也用來回答why的問句或用于強調(diào)句型；其次是since/now that，表示已知或明顯的原因，再次是as，引導(dǎo)的原因是不言而喻、顯而易見的；for引導(dǎo)的是并列分句，表推測或判斷的原因，前面有逗號隔開?！揪毩?xí)】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 2) It was _______ he was ill that he didn’ t go to school. 3). It must have rained last night, _______ the ground is all wet.4). _______ we are alone, we can speak freely.Ⅱ.詞性變化1. violent ，猛烈的violence ，強暴；猛烈violently adv. 強暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental (礎(chǔ))的n.[pl.]基本原則(法則) fundamentally adv. 基本地；根本地 fundament n. 基礎(chǔ)；根本3. development ，發(fā)展；新情況develop ；產(chǎn)生 ；發(fā)展developed adj. 發(fā)達(dá)的developing adj. 發(fā)展的4. lay ；擺設(shè)；產(chǎn)(蛋) laylaidlaidlayinglie vi. 躺，平放；位于lielaylainlyinglie n.amp。vi. 謊話；說謊lieliedliedlying5. prevent vt. 預(yù)防，防止prevention ；阻止；妨礙preventable ，可預(yù)防的6. gentle gently ；靜靜地7. physics ，物理學(xué)physicist physical ；物理(學(xué))的；物質(zhì)的 【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before.2). In my opinion, ________ (prevent) is more important than treatment.3). Some programs on the Internet are full of ________ (violent) and sex.4). With the ________ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused.5). China is a ________ (develop) country belong to the third world.6). There are ________ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine.7). His ambition is to bee a great ________ (physics).Ⅲ.重點詞匯1. system n.[c] 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系統(tǒng)的。 有條理的[典例] 1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太陽系包括太陽和它的八顆行星。2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒對身體有害。[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的意思完成句子。1). The ______ ______ (教育系統(tǒng)) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a welldesigned ______ ______ (鐵路系統(tǒng)).2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；擺設(shè)；鋪(地毯) ；產(chǎn)(蛋)[典例]1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我們該責(zé)備誰?[重點用法] lay短語：lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一邊；積蓄（錢）lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the blame on lay the