【正文】
. .. . ..第一部分:語法知識(詞類):名詞單復數(shù),名詞的格式(一)名詞單復數(shù),直接加s,如:bookbooks, bagbags, catcats, bedbeds. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加es,如:busbuses, boxboxes, brushbrushes, watchwatches“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加es,如:familyfamilies, strawberrystrawberries“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加es,如:knifeknives:manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, policewomanpolicewomen,mousemice,childchildren, footfeet, toothteeth, fishfish, peoplepeople, ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese不可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名詞的格(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb) 以s 結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bagsc) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoesd)并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在并列名詞后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China:不定冠詞,定冠詞:(1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.(2)復述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠詞的情況:(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)復數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home(7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus三、代詞、形容詞、副詞: 人稱代詞(主格,賓格),物主代詞 第一人稱單數(shù) I(我)me my(我的)復數(shù) we(我們)us our(我們的)第二人稱單數(shù) you(你)you your(你的)復數(shù) you(你們)you your(你們的)第三人稱單數(shù) he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)it its(它的)復數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們)them their(他們的/她們的/它們的),副詞:比較級,最高級(一)形容詞的比較級形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。:⑴ 一般在詞尾加er 。⑵ 以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r 。⑶ 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er 。⑷ 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。:goodbetter, beautifulmore beautiful(二)副詞的比較級(有be用形,有形用be。有動用副,有副用動)⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后(不規(guī)則變化:wellbetter, farfarther)四、數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞(1)120one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)2199 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。23→twentythree,34→thirtyfour,45→forty—five,56→fiftysix,67→sixtyseven,78→seventyeight,89→eightynine,91→ninetyone(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。586→five hundred and eightysix,803→eight hundred and three(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion1,001→one thousand and one18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twentythree6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion序數(shù)詞(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加thtwenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twentyfirst,two hundred and fortyfifth基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上th.一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。五、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)1)表示具體日期。注:(1)關于39。在周末39。的幾種表示法:at(on)the weekend 在周末特指at(on)weekends 在周末泛指over the weekend 在