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初中英語語法:動詞時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(已修改)

2025-04-15 23:58 本頁面
 

【正文】 初中英語語法:動詞時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)動詞時態(tài)專講一、概說動詞的時態(tài)歷來是中考題中考查的重頭戲之一。測試重點(diǎn)放在根據(jù)特定語言環(huán)境區(qū)別使用一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時;一般現(xiàn)在時(過去時)與現(xiàn)在(過去)進(jìn)行時;特定的時間狀語中時態(tài)的使用;結(jié)合所獲得的語言知識確定正確時態(tài)的能力等。綜上所述,動詞的時態(tài)在中考測試中的地位非常重要。因而考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中必須對本專題引起足夠的重視。二、各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成時 態(tài)構(gòu) 成時 態(tài)構(gòu) 成一般現(xiàn)在時do / doesam / is / are一般過去時didwas / were現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am / is / are + doing過去進(jìn)行時was / were + doing現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + done過去完成時had + done一般將來時shall / will + doam / is / are going + to do過去將來時would + dowas / were going + to do三、各種時態(tài)的用法◆◆一般現(xiàn)在時1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語:every day,every other day,sometimes,often,usually,on Sunday …I leave home for school at 7 _________________ (每天早晨).The Olympic Games are held ____________________ (每四年).What do you ____________ (通常) do when you are free on Sunday?2.用在客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)或格言警句中。The earth _________________ (繞著……轉(zhuǎn)) the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海__________中國的東方。Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。注意:此種用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。My teacher told us that light _________ (travel) faster than sound.Didn’t you father tell you that the sun ________ (be) much larger than the moon?3.表示按計劃表或時間表將要發(fā)生的動作,某些動詞如e, go, move, stop, leave, finish, start等,在一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。The plane _____________ (起飛) at half past eleven tomorrow morning.The train es at 3 o’clock.火車三點(diǎn)鐘到。Class starts in two mimutes.兩分鐘后就要上課了。4.由when,as soon as,until,before,after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句或由if,unless,as long as,once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I’ll help you as soon as I ___________(到達(dá)) Beijing tomorrow.I won’t leave unless you __________ (tell) me everything.◆◆一般過去時1.表示在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1981等。Where did you go just now?剛才你去哪兒了?2.表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。特別是由would / used to表達(dá)的句型,本身表達(dá)的就是過去時。常與always,usually,often,sometimes,never等時間狀語連用。When I was a child, I often _______________ (踢足球) in the yard.He used _____________ (smoke) a lot, but he doesn’t now.3.用于追述逝去的人或事,以及在從句中敘述歷史事實(shí)。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.4.用于虛擬語氣(非真實(shí)的過去)。If I _________ (知道) the truth, I would tell you now.I wish I __________ (有) a cherry without a stone.If I _________ (是) a bird, I would fly in the sky.5.辨析used to / be used to1) used to+do:“過去常?!保硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.母親以前沒有這么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk after supper.斯卡夫過去在晚飯后常常散步。2) be used to+doing:“對……已感到習(xí)慣”,或“習(xí)慣于”,to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。Scarf is used to taking a walk after supper.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于在晚飯后散步。Have you been used to ______________ (住在這里)?◆◆現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。在句中往往有now等時間狀語或是像Look! / Listen!等提示詞語,有的則是通過上下文暗示某動作正在進(jìn)行。We are _____________ (等) you outside the classroom now.Look! The man _____________ (放) a kite at the square.The music sounds very familiar. Who ___________ (彈) the piano upstairs?2.表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作,也許此時此刻這個動作并沒有進(jìn)行。The students are preparing for the examination.學(xué)生們正在作考試________。Mr. Green is writing another novel these days.格林先生這些天在寫另一部小說。(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)3.與always,forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always ___________ your mind.你總是改變主意。(表示抱怨或不滿)She is forever thinking of _____________.她永遠(yuǎn)都在為他人考慮。(表示贊許)4.某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作,這些動詞有arrive,e,leave,die等。例如:They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.他們明天要去香港。◆◆過去進(jìn)行時1.表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作,這一特定的時間或時刻除了上下文暗示之外,還有時間狀語如at that time / moment,at this time yesterday或when / while等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示。____________________________ (你正在做什么) at nine o’clock yesterday evening?It _________________ when they left the station.他們離開車站的時候,天正下著雨。While I ______________ (play) on the puter, he knocked at the door.2.與always,forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。He was always ringing me up.他過去老是給我______________。My grandfather was always ______________ things.我祖父總是忘這忘那。3. e / go / leave / arrive / set out / start等一些表示趨向動作的動詞用過去進(jìn)行時可表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作,一般強(qiáng)調(diào)按計劃、要求、打算進(jìn)行的動作。Mr. Smith said he was leaving for London soon.史密斯先生說他不久要________________。4.注意區(qū)別:一般過去時表示在過去某個時間“發(fā)生了的動作”或“存在了的狀態(tài)”,而過去進(jìn)行時則強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時刻或某一段時間“正在進(jìn)行的動作”。Marywrotea letter to her friend last night. (表明信寫完了)Marywas writinga letter to her friend last night.(只表明“一直在寫”,不清楚“是否寫完”,也許信還沒有寫完)◆◆現(xiàn)在完成時1.一個動作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還將持續(xù)下去)。
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