初中英語(yǔ)特殊句式歸納(已修改)
2025-04-15 23:54 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 特殊句式一、概說(shuō) 特殊句式包含倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、反意疑問(wèn)句等。 二、部分倒裝 即將主語(yǔ)與助動(dòng)詞倒置，其結(jié)構(gòu)與一般疑問(wèn)句大致相同。英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成部分倒裝的主要情形有：1. 含否定意義的詞(如never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等)置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。如：Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door. 她剛開(kāi)始說(shuō)話(huà)就聽(tīng)到了敲門(mén)聲。Little do we know his life. 我們對(duì)他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你絕不要告訴他這事。2. only加狀語(yǔ)（副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/從句）放在句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝。如： Only in this way can you do it well. 只有這樣你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)他才知道出了什么事。3. so (neither, nor)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適合于后者時(shí)，用“so (neither, nor) + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”這樣的倒裝句式。如： He can sing English songs and so can I. 他會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌，我也會(huì)。He didn39。t see the film, and neither did I. 他沒(méi)有看這部電影，我也沒(méi)有看。She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮，她媽媽年輕時(shí)也很漂亮。4. 當(dāng)虛擬條件句含有were, should, had時(shí)，可省略if, 將were，should, had置干句首。如： Were I Tom(= If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我就會(huì)拒絕。Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了這一點(diǎn)，我可能會(huì)采取某種行動(dòng)。5. so... that結(jié)構(gòu)中，將SO + adj. (adv. )置于句首時(shí)，其后要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好待在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒(méi)法想象它的速度。三、完全倒裝 即將謂語(yǔ)移到主語(yǔ)前。英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形主要有：1. 以here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子，且句子主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。如：Here es the bus. 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。 Now es your turn. 現(xiàn)在該你了。Then came a new difficulty. 然后又產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)新的困難。The door opened and in came Mr Li. 門(mén)開(kāi)了，李先生走了進(jìn)來(lái)。注：若主語(yǔ)為代詞，則不用完全倒裝。如：The door opened and in she came. 門(mén)開(kāi)了，她走了進(jìn)來(lái)。2. 將表語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)（多為介詞短語(yǔ)）置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后通常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如： Among them was my friend Jim. 他們當(dāng)中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall trees. 湖的四周有些高樹(shù)。注：在表語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)中，要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)保持一致。四、it的基本用法 it的基本用法包括：指事物，指動(dòng)物或嬰兒，指上文提到的情況，指身份不明的人，指時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境、天氣等自然現(xiàn)象，籠統(tǒng)地談?wù)撃城闆r等。如：It39。s still raining. 還在下雨。It39。s two miles to the beach. 到海邊有兩英里。It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡館里很安靜。They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他們生了個(gè)孩子，很可愛(ài)。Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人來(lái)過(guò)。但我們不知道是誰(shuí)。五、用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ) 1. 形式主語(yǔ)：當(dāng)不定
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