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中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理(已修改)

2025-04-15 23:18 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 .. . . ..初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及操練 初三英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一學(xué)業(yè)考試中的第五大題是通過(guò)多項(xiàng)選擇,來(lái)考核學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)所掌握的情況和程度。學(xué)生在分析、判斷所選詞語(yǔ)的正誤時(shí),不但要從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮,而且要從整句邏輯、習(xí)慣說(shuō)法、詞語(yǔ)不重復(fù)、用語(yǔ)須禮貌等各個(gè)方面去審視。這樣,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失誤。 這一大題需要注意的是:在掌握英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的一般規(guī)律之外,還需要注意英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的特殊規(guī)律。在英語(yǔ)中,有許多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語(yǔ)搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像數(shù)學(xué)公式那樣去生搬硬套。對(duì)于某些有特殊規(guī)律的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn),學(xué)生一定要在平時(shí)加強(qiáng)注意和不斷積累,在這方面是沒(méi)有捷徑可行的。此外,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還要防止只重語(yǔ)感、不諳其意的片面傾向。一. 冠詞: 冠詞用在名詞的前面,有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a;an”之分。定冠詞表示“確指”,譯作“這(那)個(gè)”;不定冠詞表示“泛指”,譯作“一個(gè)”。例題解析:( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “over there”意為“那邊的”,是后置定語(yǔ),它表示前面名詞“l(fā)ady”(女士)是“確指”的說(shuō)法,因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”,是泛指的說(shuō)法,因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”,因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the “piano”意為“鋼琴”,屬于樂(lè)器,要求前面加定冠詞“the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”,屬于球類(lèi)活動(dòng),要求不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our pany. A) / B) a C) an D) the “manager”表示被選的職位,前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。 此外,冠詞還有許多特殊的用法: 1. 由普通名詞組成的專(zhuān)有名詞前,要加定冠詞,如:the Great Wall(長(zhǎng)城) 2. 在拼音名詞前,一般不加任何冠詞,如:Thomas Green;Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名詞,也要加定冠詞“the”,如:the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“單數(shù)名詞加‘a(chǎn)’;復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加‘the’”來(lái)表示“泛指”的意思。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. There is _____ “u” in _____ word “uniform.”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake. A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of( ) months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia. A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China. A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /( ) 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the( ) 8. They didn39。t catch the last train because of _____. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It won39。t take long, it39。s only _____ walk.A) tenminutes B) ten minutes39。 C) ten minutes D) tenminute39。s: 名詞表示人或物體的名稱(chēng),有普通名詞(park)、專(zhuān)有名詞(Peter;Party)、集合名詞(family, class, police)、縮寫(xiě)名詞(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等??傮w上說(shuō),它們可以分成兩大類(lèi);即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌蠛妥兓?。例題解析:( ) His grandfather is _____. A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green 英語(yǔ)中,人的姓名排列是倒過(guò)來(lái)的;先是名,即“first name”,后為姓,即“second name”,也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做這類(lèi)題目,必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字,哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏,名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說(shuō)的是“爺爺”,是男名,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。( ) _____ are playing tennis in the playground. A) The Browns B) The Brown39。s C) Browns D) Brown39。s 英語(yǔ)中,姓氏前加定冠詞“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground. A) twofootdeep B) twofeetdeep C) twofoot deep D) twofeet deep 這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式,在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“–”來(lái)連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞,因此,在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中,“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“a twofootdeep hole”,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to _____. A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists “去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”。后一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble. A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys 英語(yǔ)中,“女教師們”應(yīng)該譯為“women teachers”,而“男學(xué)生們” 應(yīng)該譯為“boy students”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) _____ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words “據(jù)說(shuō)”在英語(yǔ)中有多種說(shuō)法:“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____. A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own“catch one’s eye”是固定詞組,意為“引起某人注意”;即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中,“eye”是“視線”之意,由“eyesight”演變而來(lái)。隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展,一些詞語(yǔ)會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變,大致上都是朝“簡(jiǎn)單化”方向發(fā)展,如:“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。( ) The lady with long _____ found her husband had already got three gray _____. A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair 要掌握英語(yǔ)中哪些是可數(shù)名詞,哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì),要靠具體說(shuō)法來(lái)判別。如這道題中的“hair”(頭發(fā))就是這類(lèi)詞。前半句說(shuō)的是“一頭長(zhǎng)發(fā)”,是不可數(shù)名詞;后半句說(shuō)的是“三根白發(fā)”,是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福肁、B、C或D表示,填入空格內(nèi)):( ) 1. He has got _____ to tell you. A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. _____ are sitting at table. A) Mr. Greens B) The Green39。s C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same ______ mine. A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us ______. A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same ______ as a banana. A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet( ) 6. What kind of ______ do you like best? A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Let’s do the ______ about eating habits. A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner: 代詞是名詞的代用詞,有指示代詞(this, those)、人稱(chēng)代詞主賓格(I, me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中,不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中,它們的變化和要求都不一樣,這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí),不能掉以輕心。例題解析:( ) Would you please give _____? A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him 英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)(人)與間接賓語(yǔ)(物)都用人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(yǔ)(物)后講直接賓語(yǔ)(人),而且要在直接賓語(yǔ)(人)前
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