【正文】 摘 要 孵化設(shè)備是仿生學(xué)的一種應(yīng)用，模擬自然界的孵化環(huán)境，提供胚胎發(fā)育適宜的條件，用于家禽種蛋的孵化。當(dāng)前孵化設(shè)備的不足之處在于 :控溫與控濕精度不高 。以單機(jī)孵化設(shè)備為主，導(dǎo)致孵化管理效率不高 。孵化設(shè)備價(jià)格普遍較高。本文立足于這些不足，設(shè)計(jì)了多孵化箱溫濕度測(cè)控系統(tǒng)。介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外孵化設(shè)備的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展方向，并提出利用串行通訊口設(shè)計(jì)低成本多孵化箱測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的研究思路。介紹了孵化原理和條件方面的內(nèi)容，并參考孵化行業(yè)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定了本系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)。然后進(jìn)行了以單片機(jī)為核心的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) : 制，采用數(shù)字式單總線溫度傳感器 DS18B20，在孵化箱內(nèi)設(shè)置多個(gè)測(cè)溫點(diǎn) 。利用 HS1101 搭建頻率電路檢測(cè)孵化箱內(nèi)的濕度。 ， 16 位數(shù)碼管實(shí)時(shí)顯示孵化箱內(nèi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài) :設(shè)定溫度，當(dāng)前溫度，設(shè)定濕度，當(dāng)前濕度，加熱狀態(tài)，加濕狀態(tài)，翻蛋狀態(tài)等。 耦合 器 TLP521 和功率驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片 ULN2803AG 以及繼電器設(shè)計(jì)了輸出控制部分電路。該電路運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，對(duì)單片機(jī)主電路無干擾。 設(shè)計(jì)了溫濕度模糊控制算法。將孵化箱分解為三個(gè)獨(dú)立的子系統(tǒng) :溫度控制子 系統(tǒng)，濕度控制子系統(tǒng)和風(fēng)門控制子系統(tǒng)。溫度 是孵化的第一也是最重要的條件。 選擇溫度一風(fēng)門聯(lián)控為主，濕度一風(fēng)門聯(lián)控為輔的模糊控制算法。 編制了單片機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)硬件的 C 語言程序和上位機(jī)管理軟件。設(shè)計(jì)了孵化模擬箱并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，本系統(tǒng)能實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度誤差 ℃ ，濕度誤差 15%RH 以內(nèi)的孵化控制，可以用一臺(tái)上位 PC 機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)多個(gè)孵化箱的集散控制。該系統(tǒng)成本低廉，適合中等孵化場(chǎng)的孵化控制需要。 關(guān)鍵詞 :孵化箱，單片機(jī)，上位機(jī)，溫濕度，模糊控制 ABSTRACT Along with the rapid development of electronic, puter and control technology,Agricultural automation has developed to a new stage. Hatch measuring and control system is one of the applications of the imitates the natural hatching environment and provides the fitting condition of the embryo upgrowth. This article based on this deficiency and designed measuring and controlling system for temperature and humidity in mufti incubators based on MCU. The current situation and development direction of hatching systems inside and outside the country were described. Introduced the hatching principle designed technical standard of the system referred to the hatching profession carried out the hardware circuit design. 1. For the accuracy of temperature measurement and the cost control, use digital single data line temperature sensor DS18B20, establishes many temperature measurement spots。 Using HS1101 to build frequency electric circuit to examine humidity. 2. Designed real time data display electric circuit to display incubator condition: Thehypothesis temperature, the current temperature, the hypothesis humidity, the current， humidity, the heating condition, wetadding condition, eggturning condition. 3. Designed the output control circuits by electrooptical coupler TLP521 and power actuation chip ULN2803AG as well as the solid state relay. This electric circuit movement is stable, and has no disturbance to the monolithic integrated circuit main circuit. Designed temperature and humidity fuzzy control algorithm. The incubator is separated into three subsystems: temperature control subsystem, humidity control subsystem and wind control subsystem. Temperature is the most important condition of hatching. Choose temperaturewind couplets primarily, and humiditywind couplets auxiliary fuzzy control program of MCU and the superior management software. Designed the hatching simulation box and carried on the system test experiment. It is proved that this system can measure and control temperature within the error of ℃ , can measure and control humidity within the error of 110%RH. It can distributedly control mufti incubators. The system cost is inexpensive, and it is suitable for the medium hatching factory. Key words: Incubator, micro control union, temperature, humidity, fuzzy control 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................... 1 課題背景 研究意義 .......................................................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................... 2 第二章 孵化條件及設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) ............................................................................................. 5 孵化條件及設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) ............................................................................................ 5 第三章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ............................................................................................. 9 總體方案 ............................................................................................................. 9 單片機(jī)選擇 .................................................................................................. 10 傳感器信號(hào)檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................11 溫度信號(hào)的采集 ................................................................................11 濕度信號(hào)的采集 ............................................................................... 15 鍵盤與顯示電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................. 19 輸出控制電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................... 22 加熱控制 ........................................................................................... 22 加濕、風(fēng)門與翻蛋控制 .................................................................. 23 串行通信接口電路設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................. 24 本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................................... 25 第 4 章 模糊控制算法設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................. 26 模糊控制 ....................................................................................................... 26 模糊控制的基本原理 ....................................................................... 26 模糊控制系統(tǒng)的組成 ....................................................................... 27 模糊控制器的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................... 32 模糊化和量化因子的選擇 .............................................................. 32 隸屬函數(shù)的確定 ............................................................................... 34 模糊規(guī)則的建立 ............................................................................... 37 模糊控制查詢表的建立 .................................................................. 39 第五章軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 43 單片機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................