【正文】 牛津初中英語(yǔ)8B unit1—unit8 知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納8B Unit1【考點(diǎn)精講】一、核心詞匯1．past n．[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] past作名詞，意為“過(guò)去”，其還可作介詞和形容詞，可用于如下情況：in the past（n．）在過(guò)去；half past(prep.)five 5點(diǎn)半；in the past(adj.)three years在過(guò)去的3年里。如：When he walks past our desks, he always knocks ourbooks and pens off the desks.當(dāng)他走過(guò)我們課桌的時(shí)候，他總是把我們的書本和鋼筆從課桌上碰掉下來(lái)。The boy finished his homework with the help of his father in the past.這個(gè)男孩過(guò)去是在他父親的幫助下完成作業(yè)的。2．present n．[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥]present作名詞，意為“現(xiàn)在，目前”。At present＝at the moment＝right now目前；其還可作形 容詞，your present job你目前的工作；present用作名詞，還可表示“禮物”，a birthday present 份生日禮物。如：He is washing his clothes at present.現(xiàn)在他正在洗衣服。3．northern adj。[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] 方位詞：northnorthern。 westwestern。 southsouthern。 easteastern。如：in the north of China ＝ in the northern part of China在中國(guó)北部East China華東；North China華北The northern part of the city used to be sparsely populated, but has now bee a cultural centre.城北過(guò)去人口稀少，但現(xiàn)在成了文化中心。4．pollution n．[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] 常見短語(yǔ)：air pollution空氣污染；noise pollution噪音污染；light pollution光污染。如：I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈潘孔约褐谱髁艘环萦嘘P(guān)水污染的錄像。pollute作動(dòng)詞，意為“污染”，pollute the air污染空氣。5．interview n．a(chǎn)mp。 vt．[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] interview作名詞，意為“采訪，會(huì)見”，還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“采訪，面試”；interviewer作名詞，意為“采訪者，面試官”。如：interview sb．＝ have an interview with Sally became a member of the pany after the job interview.薩莉在求職面試后成為了這家公司的一員。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon＝I had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我采訪了張先生。6．return v.[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] return作“返回”講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于e/get back: 作“歸還”講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于giveback。return to someplace回到某處；return sth to sb. ＝give sth．back to 。return本身含有back的意思，不能再和back連用。如：他借了我的手機(jī)，還沒(méi)還給我。正：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasn39。t returned it to me.誤：He borrowed my mobile phone and hasn39。t returned it back to me.二、核心句型1. You used to share food with me!你過(guò)去常和我分享食物！[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] used to do sth過(guò)去常常做某事（現(xiàn)在不做了）；be used to do sth. ＝ be used for doing sth是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“被用來(lái)做某事”；be used to doing sth意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，其中to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：I used to play tennis but I don39。t play it very often now.我過(guò)去常打網(wǎng)球，但現(xiàn)在不常打了。Stamps are used to post letters.＝ Stamps are used for posting letters.郵票是用來(lái)寄信的。I am used to going to school by bus.我習(xí)慣于坐公交車去學(xué)校。2. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we39。ve lived in this area since then.當(dāng)我1965年結(jié)婚時(shí)，我和妻子搬到兩個(gè)街區(qū)以外，從那以后一直住在這個(gè)地區(qū)。[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] marry ／娶某人；get married結(jié)婚（動(dòng)作）；be married to （狀態(tài)）；getmarried to so. 與某人結(jié)婚（動(dòng)作）。如：They married their daughter to an old rich man.他們把女兒嫁給了一位年老的富人。This couple have been married for 50 years.這對(duì)夫婦結(jié)婚已有50年了。3. Anyway, it39。s good to see the amazing changes in the town.不管怎樣，看到小鎮(zhèn)這些令人吃驚的變化還是很好的。[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥]“It39。s+adj. (easy，important，bad，nice…)+ (for sb.) to do sth”是英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用非常廣泛的一個(gè)句型，意為“（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）做某事是（容易的，重要的，壞的，好的……）”。其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，無(wú)實(shí)際意義，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth。如：It is important for us to master a foreign language.掌握一門外語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。三、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1．基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為、動(dòng)作或情況對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。時(shí)間副詞常用just(剛剛)，already（已經(jīng)），still(仍然)，recently（最近），yet（還、尚），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從不）。其中just，already用于肯定句；yet，ever，never常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句；still，recently可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問(wèn)句。如：Have you ever been to Hong Kong?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)香港嗎？I haven39。t got the letter from my uncle yet.‘我還沒(méi)收到我叔叔的信。(2)表示從過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為、動(dòng)作或情況。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。for表示一段時(shí)間，后接時(shí)間段．；since表示“自從”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。(3)也常與so far(迄今為止)，in the past several years(在過(guò)去幾年里)，ever since（迄今），in/during/over the past/last few years(在過(guò)去幾年里)這類從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。在此類句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不能是短暫性動(dòng)詞。如：The children have been away from home since the new term began.(木用left)自從新學(xué)期開始，孩子們就已經(jīng)離開了家。2．具體的幾組時(shí)間短語(yǔ)辨析ago用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)（用瞬間動(dòng)詞）；since．．．a(chǎn)go用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；in the past用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)；in the past few years用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；just now(置于句末)用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)；just(置于句中)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：I bought this dictionary three years ago.＝I have had this dictionary for three years.＝I have had this dictionary since three years ago.這本字典是我三年前買的。還可以用“It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since從句”改寫為：It is three years since I bought this dictionary.【考點(diǎn)精練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. (2014．泰安)Can you find our city _______ a lot in recent years? Yes. The road is wider and the buildings are taller. A．has changed B changes C changed D．will change( )2. (2014．沈陽(yáng))I39。m not hungry because I have_______ had lunch A ever B never C．just D．still( )3. (2014．黔南)He came back late, so his father was very angry.（選出與畫線部分意思相同或相近的一項(xiàng)） A arrived B gave back C returned D．reached( )4. (2014．南充)She used to _______ a bus to school, but now she is used to _______ to school. A taking。 walk B take。 walk C taking。 walking D. take。 walking( )5. (2014．平?jīng)?She _______ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B has been married C. got married D. has got married二、根據(jù)句意及中文提示完成單詞1．What was your hometown like in the_______（過(guò)去）?2．Do you know what you should do at_______（現(xiàn)在，目前）?3．I think there will be more_______（污染）in fifty years.三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2014．常州)Guo Tao39。s new book about his stories with his son_______ (e) out. Really? Why not go to the bookshop and buy one right now?2. Yancheng is in the_______ (north) part of Jiangsu.3. (2014．鎮(zhèn)江)Li Jianrou was_______ (interview) shortly after she won the first gold medal for China in the 22nd Winter Olympic Games.4. It is necessary for us_______ (listen) carefully in class.【參考答案】一、1—5 ACCDB二. 1. past . 2. present 3. pollution三. 1. has e 2. northern 3. interviewed 4. to listen8B Unit2【考點(diǎn)精講】一、核心詞匯1．fantastic adj.[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥]意為“極好的，美妙的”。a fantastic beach一片極好的海灘；a fantastic achievement 一項(xiàng)了不起的成就；have a fantastic time＝have a good/great/wonderful time玩得開心。fantasy n．(pl. fantasies)幻想，想象。如：Stop living in a fantasy world別再生活在幻想世界中了。2．such det.amp。 pron.[考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥] such意為“這樣的（人或物）”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：such+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：This is such a big 。such+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：They are such kind 。such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞。如：It is such sad 。[辨析] so常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：so clever a b