【正文】 高校在職碩士論文I摘要為了適應(yīng)信息時代的需要，保證建筑內(nèi)部的安全性，滿足用戶當(dāng)時的各種需求，門禁系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運而生。門禁系統(tǒng)集電腦技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、機械技術(shù)、磁電技術(shù)和射頻識別技術(shù)于一體，使卡與鎖之間實現(xiàn)完整“對話” 功能，以智能卡來控制門鎖的開啟，開創(chuàng)了門禁管理的新概念，它不僅給管理者提供了更安全、更快捷、更自動化的管理模式，而且也給使用者帶來了極大的方便。為此，本文研究一種基于射頻識別（Radio Frequence Identification：RFID）技術(shù)的門禁系統(tǒng)。（1）研究了基于射頻識別技術(shù)的門禁系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計，設(shè)計了射頻 IC 讀卡器的電路原理圖，給出了 PCB 板。讀卡器主要由射頻天線、讀卡模塊、RS485 通信接口及單片機控制系統(tǒng)組成，能讀寫 Philips 公司的 Mifare 非接觸式智能射頻卡，讀卡距離約 10cm。當(dāng)沒有卡進入讀卡能量范圍時，系統(tǒng)顯示時鐘，當(dāng)有卡進入時則讀卡內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)并將卡號信息顯示在液晶顯示器上。（2） 深入研究 RFID 天線的 EMC 過濾器、接收電路以及天線匹配電路等構(gòu)成，結(jié)合本設(shè)計采用了線圈天線，并從品質(zhì)因素 Q 和調(diào)諧頻率兩方面設(shè)計讀寫器天線，設(shè)計優(yōu)化了天線耦合電路。（3）針對設(shè)備組網(wǎng)應(yīng)用要求，門禁終端通信采用 RS485 總線，同時結(jié)合門禁讀卡器研究了 RS485 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)，通過 RS485 接口與 PC 機組成通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。讀卡器平時可獨立工作，PC 機會每隔一定時間訪問讀卡器，用 PC 機上的時鐘統(tǒng)一校準(zhǔn)讀卡器上的時鐘，并讀取存儲器內(nèi)的讀卡數(shù)據(jù)，以便讀卡器中的數(shù)據(jù)得到及時處理。（4）設(shè)計單片機的包看門狗、液晶顯示、數(shù)據(jù)存儲和實時時鐘等在內(nèi)的外圍模塊電路，采用串口設(shè)計如 SPI、I 2C 等，從而節(jié)約了單片機的 I/O 接口。同時結(jié)合門禁系統(tǒng)設(shè)計門禁控制電路，完成設(shè)備的選材。（5）根據(jù)射頻識別門禁系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計要求，采用模塊化軟件設(shè)計方法，根據(jù) MF RC500 的特性，系統(tǒng)地對 MF RC500 芯片的操作流程進行研究，設(shè)計主程序的流程圖和各個模塊子程序，使用 C51 語言開發(fā)了讀寫器的底層控制軟件，并完成程序的調(diào)試，證明結(jié)果滿足設(shè)計要求。射頻識別以其方便快捷成為業(yè)界矚目的焦點，而中國正在成為射頻識別標(biāo)簽生產(chǎn)最被看好的生產(chǎn)基地。將射頻識別應(yīng)用到門禁系統(tǒng)，具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景，本文基于這一思想設(shè)計了小型門禁系統(tǒng)的底層模塊，同時還有待于進一步研究擴展，比如利用 Inter 接入取代 RS485 聯(lián)網(wǎng)方式，擴大系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模?；谏漕l識別技術(shù)的門禁系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計II關(guān)鍵詞：門禁系統(tǒng)；射頻識別；MF RC500 ；讀卡器；串口通信AbstractTo meet the needs of the information age, ensuring security of the internal architecture and the users different kinds of needs , entrance guard system es out Gathered with puter technology, electronic technology, mechanical technology, magicelectric technology and radio frequency identification technology, Access Control System makes card and locks get integrity dialogue function. That smart cards to control the open or close of the doors ,introduces a new management concept , which not only manager can provide a safe, faster, more automated management style, but also offer the users, a great convenience. In this paper, we research on the design of radio frequency identification Access Control System.（1） This paper introduces the design of the Access Control work system based on radio frequency identification IC card, which analysises the design of hardware detailedly, gives out the electric circuit principle diagram of making contactless IC card Proximity Coupling Device（PCD）. The PCD is consisted of RF antenna, read/write module, RS485 munication interface and MCU, which can read/write the Mifare contactless Smart Card of Philips pany, the distance of reading card is 10 cm system will display the clock when there is no card entered into the scope of RF energy； when the card entered into that, the reading card data will be displayed.（2） Deeply studed the RFID antenna EMC filters, receive circuit and antenna matching circuits, etc., and considering the special design,we use the coil antenna ,optimize the coupling circuit by raise the quality factor Q and the frequency tuning.（3） Regard the Application for work equipment requirements ,Access Control Terminal using RS485 munications, while bining Access Control RS485 reader on the work topology, through the RS485 interface and PC ponent munication work system. Reader peacetime can work independently, PC every opportunity to visit some time reader, with PC clock reunification on the clock calibration reader, and the memory card reader to read data to the reader to obtain timely data processing.（4） The Design including watchdogs, LCD, data storage and realtime clock module, and other peripheral circuits, using serial design such as SPI, I2C, thus saving 高校在職碩士論文IIIthe MCU39。s I / O interface. Access Control System Design at the same time bining the access control circuit, pleted the equipment selection.（5） To meet the Radio Frequency Identification Access Control System design requirements ,we design by modular software method. According to the characteristics of MF RC500 and the systematic research on the operation of MF RC500 chip process, design the flow chart of the main program modules subroutine, use C51language development the bottom of the reader control software, and pleted the debugging process that results meet the design requirements.RFID with convenient and efficient bees the focus of attention of the industry, and China is being an RFID tag production of the most promising production base. Applicated Radio frequency identification to the Access Control System, has broad application prospects. Based on this thinking, this paper gives out the realization of the specific design, but also to be further study on the expansion, such as the use of Inter access to replace RS485 interconnection, expanding the size of the system.Keywods： Access Control System； Radio Frequency Identification； MF RC500； Proximity Coupling Device； Serial Communication.基于射頻識別技術(shù)的門禁系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計IV目錄摘要 ................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................II第 1 章 緒論 .................................................................................................................1 課題背景及意義 ..................................................................................................1 國內(nèi)外研究發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................2 本文主要研究內(nèi)容 ..............................................................................................3第 2 章 門禁系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) ......................................................................................5 射頻識別技術(shù) ......................................................................................................5 射頻識別技術(shù)原理 ...................................................................................5 RFID 天線 ................................................................................................6 射頻識別系統(tǒng)的典型結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................8 RFID