外文翻譯---建筑物出口標(biāo)志的能見(jiàn)度實(shí)驗(yàn)研究(已修改)
2025-01-29 23:27 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 附 錄翻譯原文Experimental study on visibility of exit signs in buildings. Wong, . LoDepartment of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Received 26 November 2003。 received in revised form 19 January 2006。 accepted 23 February 2006 Abstract：Visibility of exit signs in terms of the height of the sign content was studied experimentally in an 18m internal corridor. Four factors affecting the visibility including graphics, colours, lighting conditions and ages of the observers were investigated. Combinations of designations containing the English and Chinese words EXIT, five directional indicators and two exit symbols in different colours under normal and emergency lighting conditions were presented to 30 observers of different age groups to determine their visibility. The sign heights detected, identified and identified with confidence were measured. Increased height for correct identification was found for an exit sign containing two symbols as pared to a sign containing only one symbol. A green exit sign was reported to be highly visible. It was also reported that at reduced illumination, the sign height for correct identification increased. 169。 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionEmergency exit signs are installed to provide markings of exits and escape routes in buildings and should be able to assist the occupants to leave the buildings effectively in case of emergency [1,2]. Exit sign is an essential installation in buildings and the specifications are stated in design guides and regulations [3–6]. Thousands of exit signs can be found in many highrise buildings. In Hong Kong, exit signs containing the word EXIT in English and Chinese of not less than 125mm height are specified for local buildings [5,6]. A sign shall be designed with a bination of directional indicator, symbol and words: while the general design shall follow the standard specified [4], the Chinese word shall reach a minimum width of 15mm in vertical strokes and 10mm in horizontal strokes [5]. Moreover, the colourpair of sign content and background shall be green and white (GW) or white and green (WG) [5], though black and green (BG) is being used in some existing buildings [6]. Comprehensible symbols, words and directional indicators for exit designation were studied and applied to exit sign designs [7–10]. Both signage design and illumination conditions affect the visibility of an exit sign [11]. The changes in visibility with size and luminance in terms of the visual angle were studied by Jin et al. [13]. Increasing the contrast of the arrow, enlarging the area of the chevron and changing the aspect ratio of the chevron will increase the distance of identification [12]. Larger exit symbols are thus quantified in large spaces. It was found that colour of the sign content (green or red) would increase the identification distance by about 6m in smoke clear conditions [14]. The recognition performance of a green exit sign was found to be high for both colour normal and deficient observers [15]. Luminance is also important in determining the visibility of an exit sign in smoky conditions [16–20]. In fact, sign area, stroke thickness, bounding area of words, word spacing, and luminance of characters, contrast, colour, orientation, and visual environment surrounding the sign will all have effects on a preferred exit sign in terms of signage legibility [21]. In bilingual context, the visibility of exit signs in Chinese is important in designing an egress system for buildings in Hong Kong, but this has not yet been studied in detail. Such visibility was included and examined in this study. Four factors affecting the sign visibility, graphics, colour, lighting condition and age of the observers, were considered. In an internal corridor under normal and emergency lighting conditions, the visibility of a number of coloured exit signs with different binations of symbol, directional indicator, English and Chinese words signifying an exit in building environment was studied. The experimental results were then pared with the previous results reported in literature to highlight the effective designs of an exit sign. 2. Exit sign content Configurations for bination of the symbols, words and directional indicators on an exit
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