細(xì)胞和組織的適應(yīng)與損傷(已修改)
2025-01-29 12:29 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Chapter 1 adaptation and injury of tissue and cell adaptation and injury of tissue and cell is adaptation? define: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia. department of pathology 2. describe the mechanisms of damage of tissue and cell 3. describe the main morphological change of degeneration department of pathology necrosis: ? define。 morphological change。 ? describe the mechanisms of cell death and histological types of necrosis。 ? the key difference between necrosis and apoptosis。 ? oute of tissue necrosis department of pathology adaptation and injury of tissue and cell inside and/or outside stimulate the factor tissue and cell adaptation injury metabolism+ function +morphology department of pathology Section 1: adaptation Atrophy is the decrease in size of an an or cell by reduction in cell size and/or reduction in cell number,often by a mechanism involving apoptosis. cell size and/or number department of pathology Atrophy occurs physiological conditions pathologic conditions department of pathology normal Endocrine atrophy department of pathology Atrophy of brain department of pathology cardiac atrophy Normal department of pathology atrophy of myocardial cells department of pathology Muscular atrophy department of pathology department of pathology Hypertrophy: cell size (physical volume ) physiological hypertrophy pathological hypertrophy pensatory hypertrophy endocrine hypertrophy department of pathology Physiological hypertrophy 1 department of pathology hypertrophy normal atrophy department of pathology cardiac hypertrophy (pensatory) endocrine hypertrophy hyperplasia: increase in cell number by mitosis increase tissue or an size the stimuli for hypertrophy and hyperplasia are very similar department of pathology hyperplasia hypertrophy bined hypertrophy and hyperplasia department of pathology department of pathology Increasing its size without cell replication ( hypertrophy ) Increasing its numbers by cell division ( hyperplasia ) department of pathology metaplasia: is the transformation of one mature differentiated cell type into another usually in response to an irritating stimulus . smoking bronchial epithelium metaplasia department of pathology Squamous metaplasia of the bronchus department of pathology important types of metaplasia : Squamous metaplasia: bronchial epithelium cervical epithelium intestinal metaplasia: gastric mucosal epithelium transformation to neoplasia may be… department of pathology Squamous metaplasia of the cervix department of pathology intestinal metaplasia department of pathology Section 2: tissue and cell injury agents of cell injury physical, chemical,… The hypoxia is the most basic of cell injury department of pathology DNA damage or loss Membrane damage Membrane pumps ? Na/K ATPase Deficiency of metabolism ?Oxygen ?Glucose ?hormones Intracellular swelling Membrane pumps ?Ca/Mg ATPase O2 . Failure of membrane function ?Complementmediated cytolysis ?Alteration of membrane lipids ?Crosslinking of membrane proteins lysosome necrosis Cell injury reversible cell injury irreversible cell injury reversible degeneration irreversible necrosis department of pathology Cell injury reversible cell injury irreversible cell injury reversible degeneration irreversible necrosis department of pathology lesions of cell damage … cause a variety of histological abnormalities hydropic change and fatty change are two patterns monly department of pathology MorphologyReversible cell injury Ultrastructural change: plasma membrane alteration mitochondrial change dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum Light microscope: cellular swelling (the first manifestation of almost all forms of
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