【正文】
I 石家莊科技信息職業(yè)學院 畢 業(yè) 論 文 題目: 基于單片機的煤氣檢漏儀設計 學 號: 姓 名: 專業(yè)班級: 指導教師: 完成日期: II 摘 要 隨著 “ 信息時代 ” 的到 來,作為獲取信息的手段 —— 傳感器技術得到了 顯著 的進步,其應用領域越來越廣泛,對其要求越來越高,需求越來越迫切。傳感器技術已成為衡量一個國家科學技術發(fā)展水平的重要標志之一。因此,了解并掌握各類傳感器的基本結(jié)構、工作原理及特性是非常重要的。 為了提高對傳感器的認識和了解,尤其是對煙霧傳感器的深入研究以及其用法與用途,基于實用、廣泛和典型的原則而設計了本系統(tǒng)。 本文利用單片機結(jié)合 傳感器 技術而開發(fā)設計了這一 煙霧監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。 本論文以電阻式煙霧傳感器和單片機技術為核心并與其他電子技術相結(jié)合, 設計出一 種技術水平較好的煙霧報警器。其中選用 MQ2 型半導體 可燃氣體敏感元件 煙霧傳感器實現(xiàn)煙霧的檢測,具有靈敏度高、響應快、抗干擾能力強等優(yōu)點,而且價格低廉,使用壽命長。選用的 STC12C5410AD 單片機,其整合了 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換、硬件乘法器、硬件脈寬調(diào)制器等資源,具 有高速、低功耗、超強抗干擾等優(yōu)點,是目前同類技術中性價比較高的產(chǎn) 品。 以 STC12C5410AD 單片機和 MQ2 型半導體電阻式煙霧傳感器為核心設計的煙霧報警器可實現(xiàn)聲光報警、故障自診斷、濃度顯示、報警限設置、延時報警及與上位機串口通信等功能。是一種結(jié)構 簡單、性能 穩(wěn)定、使用方便、價格低廉、智能化的煙霧報警器。具有一定的實用價值。 關鍵詞: 煙霧,報警器, STC12C5410,傳感器 III Abstract While “information age” the arrival, obtained the remarkable progress as the gain information method sensor technology, its application domain is more and more widespread, is more and more high to its request, the demand is more and more sensor technology has bee weighs one of national science and technology level of development important , understood and grasps each kind of sensor the basic structure, the principle of work and the characteristic is extremely important. In order to enhance to the sensor understanding and the understanding, in particular to the smog sensor thorough research as well as its usage and the use, based on practical, widespread and the model principle has designed this article used the monolithic integrated circuit union sensor technology to develop has designed this smog supervisory system.。 The present paper take leaves the minor smog sensor and the monolithic integrated circuit technology unifies as the core and with other electronic technology, designs one kind of technical level good smog alarm which selects the 2M007 semiconductor resistance type smog sensor realization smog the examination, has the sensitivity high, responds, the antijamming ability quickly strong and so on the merits, moreover the price is inexpensive, the service life is the STC12C5410AD monolithic integrated circuit, its conformity A/D transformed, the hardware multiplier, resources and so on hardware PDM keyer, has high speed, low merits and so on power loss, ultra strong antijamming, is the present similar technology neutral price quite high product. May realize the acoustooptics take the STC12C5410AD monolithic integrated circuit and the 2M007 semiconductor resistance type gas sensor as the core design smog IV alarm apparatus to report to the police, the breakdown from the diagnosis, the density demonstrated, reports to the police limits the establishment, the time delay reports to the police and with functions and so in position machine serial port one kind of structure simple, the performance stable, the easy to operate, the price inexpensive, the intellectualized smog alarm certain practical value. Key word: Smog, Alarm apparatus, STC12C5410, Sensor V 目 錄 一、 緒論 ............................................................................................... 1 ( 一 ) 課題背景 .................................................................................. 1 ( 二 ) 目的和意義 ............................................................................. 1 ( 三 ) 技術指標 ................................................................................. 1 ( 四 ) 課題方案的設計 ...................................................................... 2 二、 總體電路設計 ............................................................................... 2 ( 一 ) 電路方框圖及工作原理 ........................................................ 2 ( 二 ) 整機電路圖及工作原理 .......................................................... 3 ( 三 ) 本章小結(jié) .................................................................................. 4 三、 單元電路的設計與分析 ................................................................. 4 ( 一 ) 計數(shù)器 ...................................................................................... 5 ( 二 ) 譯碼器 ...................................................................................... 7 ( 三 ) 檢測地址顯示電路 .................................................................. 8 ( 四 ) 八選一模擬電子開關 —— CD4051 .......................................... 9 ( 五 ) 巡回檢測與報警電路 ............................................................ 11 ( 六 ) 繼電器原理說明 .................................................................... 15 ( 七 ) 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................ 16 VI 四、 整機電路的安裝與調(diào)試 ............................................................. 16 (一 ) 整機電路的安裝 ??????? ???? ?????? ??? 16 ( 二 ) 元器件檢測 ............................................................................ 18 (三 ) 總體電路的調(diào)試 ....................................................................... 20 (四 )本章小結(jié) .................................................................................... 21 五、 結(jié) 論 ........................................................................................... 21 參考文獻 ............................................................................................... 22 致 謝 .................................................................................................. 253 1 一、 緒論 ( 一 ) 課題背景 近年來,全國煤氣行業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,液化氣、天然氣、煤制氣等城市燃氣作為清潔能源已在工商業(yè)和城鎮(zhèn)居民用戶中得到廣泛應用,特別是隨著“西氣東輸”工程的快速進展,燃氣行業(yè)發(fā)展?jié)摿薮?。城市燃氣的普及與 應用無疑對改善城市的環(huán)境質(zhì)量和提高居民的生活質(zhì)量發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。但是隨著燃氣的廣泛應用,由于燃氣泄露所引發(fā)的爆炸、中毒和火災事故也時有發(fā)生,這在某種程度上增加了城市的不安全和不穩(wěn)定因素。為使燃氣更好地造福于民,造福于社會,減少并杜絕各種因燃氣泄露而引發(fā)的爆炸及火災事故。 煤氣報警器的核心是氣體傳感器,俗稱“電子鼻”。當氣體傳感器遇到燃氣時,傳感器電阻隨燃氣濃度而變化,隨之產(chǎn)生電信號,供煤氣報警器