【正文】 大學(xué)生本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 題目： 智能去電控制器的設(shè)計(jì) 領(lǐng)域：電子通信類 日期： 05 年 6 月 類型： 精選 作者：楊佳沛 I 摘 要 隨著辦公自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的公司選擇了 組建本公司的局域網(wǎng)電話 系統(tǒng) ，從而達(dá)到 提高公司整體工作效率和 節(jié)約通信費(fèi)用的目的。 這種電話系統(tǒng)一般有一臺(tái)總機(jī)和若干臺(tái)分機(jī)組成，主機(jī)有一個(gè)固定的 公用 電話號(hào)碼，若干分機(jī)各有自己的局域網(wǎng)號(hào)碼，當(dāng)其他公司或單位的電話打進(jìn)本公司時(shí)，首先是主機(jī)接到來(lái)電號(hào)碼， 主機(jī)判斷來(lái)電是 打給 公司哪個(gè)部門的，完成判斷后就將來(lái)電轉(zhuǎn)到相應(yīng)的部門， 來(lái)電呼叫處理完 畢 。對(duì)于打進(jìn)公司的電話，由于不是公司 支付通信費(fèi)用 ，一般單位對(duì)此無(wú)限制，當(dāng)公司內(nèi)部需要打出電話時(shí)，由于通信費(fèi)用完全是公司自己支付，為了避免公司的員工 把 公司的電話私用，就必須對(duì) 去電 進(jìn)行區(qū)分和權(quán)限限制， 可以通過設(shè)置黑名單或者白名單控制某個(gè)電話的能夠打出或者禁止。本項(xiàng)目主要是單片機(jī)控制去電電話，即根據(jù)主叫所拔的號(hào)碼，通過檢測(cè)存儲(chǔ)器預(yù)設(shè)的黑名單或者白名單控制某個(gè)電話的能夠打出或者禁止，或者控制某一局向號(hào)，來(lái)確定能否打出。 該系統(tǒng) 采用了 單片機(jī) AT89C51 作為 CPU，它是系統(tǒng)的 控制核心 。系統(tǒng)同時(shí)利用 74LS373 緩沖器、 74LS138 譯碼器、 7404 反相器、DAC0832 D/A 轉(zhuǎn)換器 完成對(duì)黑白名單的區(qū)分和限制 。 系統(tǒng) 的 軟件采用匯編語(yǔ)言編寫，主要由 主程序 、 去電信號(hào)產(chǎn)生 子程序、 黑白名單區(qū)分 子程序 、D/A轉(zhuǎn)換及去電輸出子 程序 組成。 在完成硬件設(shè)計(jì)和軟件編制后，對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了聯(lián)機(jī)仿真調(diào)試，系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。最后，用Protel 99SE 繪制了電路原理圖。 關(guān)鍵詞 智能電話 ； 單片機(jī)； 去 電 控制 II Abstract With the development of office automation, more and more panies build up the local area calling work of itself, in order to increase efficiency and decrease the munication cost. This calling system is generally posed of a master telephone and several extension telephone numbers. The master telephone has a fixed number, and the several extension telephones have their own numbers in the work. When the outside phone dials, the master telephone firstly receive the call and decide the department which the call is to, then the call is transferred to the department. Because the outside call is not pay by the pany, the pany need not limit the call. When the workers of the pany call the outside, the munication cost is pay by the pany. In order to limit the workers using pany phone to call the not relative numbers, the pany should set limits of authority to discriminate the white numbers from the white numbers. This project mainly use the microcontroller to control the inside call which is to the outside. The microcontroller discriminate the white numbers from the black numbers . AT89C51 is CPU of this system, and it is core of this system. This system uses 74LS373, 74LS138, 7404, DAC0832 to discriminate the white numbers from the black numbers. Software of this system is programmed by assembler language and it is mainly posed by main program, subprogram of generation of the inside phone number , subprogram of discriminating the white numbers from the black numbers, subprogram of digital to analog converting and outputting of the phone number. After designing hardware of the system and programming the software, the system is simulating and debugging online. Wellgoing of the system verifies correctness in the design. In the end, circuit schematic diagram is drawn by Protel 99SE. Keywords intelligent phone； microcontroller； phone number controlling i 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................. I Abstract ...................................................................................................... II 第 1章 緒 論 ............................................................................................ 1 課題背景 .......................................................................................... 1 課題來(lái)源 .......................................................................................... 2 本論 文的工作和特點(diǎn) ...................................................................... 2 本章小結(jié) .......................................................................................... 3 第 2章 MCS51 單片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................. 4 控制器 .............................................................................................. 4 程序計(jì)數(shù)器 .............................................................................. 4 指令控制邏輯電路 .................................................................. 5 存儲(chǔ)器的結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................. 5 并行 I/O 口 ...................................................................................... 7 時(shí)鐘電路與時(shí)序 .............................................................................. 8 單片機(jī)的中斷 .................................................................................. 9 單片機(jī)的工作方式 ........................................................................ 12 單片機(jī)的性能特點(diǎn) ........................................................................ 15 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ........................................................................ 16 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................ 17 第 3 章 電路的硬件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................... 18 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 18 系統(tǒng)總體框圖 ........................................................................ 18 去電信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生 .................................................................... 18 復(fù)位電路 ........................................................................................ 19 時(shí)鐘電路 ........................................................................................ 20 按鍵電路 ........................................................................................ 21 ii 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換及去電輸出電路 ............................................................ 22 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................ 23 第 4 章 電路的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................... 24 軟件程序內(nèi)容 ................................................................................ 24 軟件總體流程圖 ............................................................................ 25 去電信號(hào)產(chǎn)生子程序 .................................................................... 26 黑白名單區(qū)分子程序 .................