【正文】 題 目 無位置傳感器 BLDC 換相檢測方法研究 專 業(yè) 班 級 學(xué) 號 姓 名 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 學(xué) 院 名 稱 電 氣 信 息 學(xué) 院 xxxx 年 xx 月 xx 日 無位置傳感器 BLDC 換相 檢測方法研究 Research of Sensorless Commutation for Brushless DC Motor 學(xué) 生 姓 名 : 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 : I 摘 要 無刷直流電動機（ Brushless DC Motor,簡稱 BLDC）是一種典型的機電一體化產(chǎn)品， 它具有可靠性高、壽命長、響應(yīng)速度快、制造成本低、使用靈活性大等優(yōu)勢，因而越來越 多地受到人們的青睞。 轉(zhuǎn)子位置傳感器是整個驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)中最為脆弱的部分，不僅增加了系統(tǒng)的成本和復(fù)雜 性，而且降低系統(tǒng)的可靠性和抗干擾能力，同時還需要占據(jù)一定的空間位置。因此，取代 機械式位置傳感器而采用其他方法檢測轉(zhuǎn)子的位置信號，能擴(kuò)大無刷直流電機的發(fā)展前 景。無位置傳感器 BLDC 運行實際上就是要求在不采用機械傳感器的條件下，利用電機的 電壓和電流信息獲取轉(zhuǎn)子磁極的位置，目前比較成熟的無位置傳感器 BLDC 運行控制方法 有：反電動勢過零檢測法、定子三次諧波檢測法和續(xù)流二極管電流通路檢測法。 本文首先介紹無刷直流電機國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀，詳細(xì)敘述無刷直流電機的工作原理和 換相過程。對目前存在的多種無位置傳感器換相檢測方法，通過比較其優(yōu)缺點，本文最終 選用反電動勢過零點檢測法，詳細(xì)敘述 其檢測原理，并對轉(zhuǎn)子誤差產(chǎn)生原因和換相超前、 滯后兩種情況進(jìn)行定性分析。對由于換相引起的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動進(jìn)行分析，并提出抑制換相轉(zhuǎn)矩 脈動的方法 。 最后在 Simulink 環(huán)境下建立基于反電動 勢 過零點的換相檢測模塊 ， 并對其進(jìn) 行分析。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 無刷直流電動機 ； 無位置傳感器 ； 換相檢測； 反電動勢過零檢測法 ； Simulink II Abstract Brushless DC Motor (Brushless DC Motor, referred BLDC) is a typical mechatronic product, the superiority of it are high reliability, long life, fast response, low manufacturing cost and great flexibility of use, therefore, it favored by more and more people. The most vulnerable part of the entire drive system is rotor position sensor, not only increases the cost and plexity of the system, but also reduces the system39。s reliability and performance, at the same time, it needs to occupy some space location. Therefore, instead of the mechanical position sensors, the other methods to detect the rotor position signals will expand the development prospects of the brushless DC motor. On the condition of without using the mechanical sensor, sensorless BLDC operation is actually get the rotor location by using the motor voltage and current information. Nowadays, the relatively mature sensorless BLDC operation control methods are: the zero cross detection of Back Electromotive Force, the detection method of stator three harmonic and the freewheeling diode current path detection method. This paper describes research status both at home and abroad about brushless DC motor firstly, and detail the working principle and brushless DC motor mutation. By introducing a variety of sensorless mutation detection methods and paring their advantages and disadvantages, the zero cross detection of Back Electromotive Force is the final choice in this paper. Detailing its detection principle. The paper also gives the qualitative analysis of the rotor position detection error and discusses specifically on the two situation: mutation leading and delaying. Based on the analysis of the mutation torque ripple , the mutation torque ripple suppression method is put forward. Finally, establish and analysis the mutate detection module which is based on the zero cross detection of Back Electromotive Force in the Simulink environment. Keywords: Brushless DC Motor。 Sensorless。 Commutate detection。 Back electromotive force zerocrossing detecting。 Simulink 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................................I Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................. II 1 緒論 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 選題背景與意義 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 無刷直流電機的研究 ................................................................................................................................ 2 轉(zhuǎn)子位置信號檢測方法綜述 .................................................................................................................. 3 本文研究內(nèi)容 .............................................................................................................................................. 4 2 反電動勢法轉(zhuǎn)子位置檢測 ................................................................................................................. 6 無刷直流電動機的組成 ........................................................................................................................... 6 無刷直流電動機的基本工作原理 ......................................................................................................... 6 無刷直流電動機的數(shù)學(xué)模型 .................................................................................................................. 9 無刷直流電動機的反電動勢 ................................................................................................................ 10 利用反電動勢法檢測轉(zhuǎn)子位置 ............................................................................................................11 3 無位置傳感器 BLDC 換相分析 ........................................................................................................... 16 換相點的確定 ............................................................................................................................................ 16 轉(zhuǎn)子位置檢測誤差產(chǎn)生原因 ................................................................................................................ 16 換相分析 ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 延遲時間設(shè)置方法 ...................................................................................................................................19 濾波的相移修正方法 ...........................................................................