【正文】 高等教育自學(xué)考試畢業(yè)（論文）說(shuō)明書 摘 要數(shù)控機(jī)床的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：具有高度柔性，加工精度高，加工質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定、可靠，生產(chǎn)率高，改善勞動(dòng)條件，利于生產(chǎn)管理現(xiàn)代化。普通機(jī)床的缺點(diǎn)：普通機(jī)床靠齒輪和普通絲杠螺母?jìng)鲃?dòng)。由于各運(yùn)動(dòng)副間存在間隙，加上手工操作不準(zhǔn)確，因此重復(fù)精度較低。普通機(jī)床測(cè)量時(shí)需停車后手工測(cè)量，測(cè)量誤差較大，而且效率低下。適合批量較小，精度要求不高，零活類零件。它投資較數(shù)控低，但對(duì)工人的操作技能要求較高，因此工資水平高。 在數(shù)控機(jī)床上加工零件，主要取決于加工程序，它與普通機(jī)床不同，不必制造、更換許多工具、夾具，不需要經(jīng)常調(diào)整機(jī)床。因此，數(shù)控機(jī)床適用于零件頻繁更換的場(chǎng)合。也就是適合單件、小批生產(chǎn)及新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)，縮短了生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期，節(jié)省了大量工藝設(shè)備的費(fèi)用。物競(jìng)天擇，適者生存。一些不適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展在機(jī)床必將被淘汰，所以實(shí)施機(jī)床的數(shù)控化改造是機(jī)械行業(yè)在必然趨勢(shì)。通過(guò)搜集資料、實(shí)踐研究等方法對(duì)機(jī)床就行改造即是用較少的成本去創(chuàng)造更高的價(jià)值。而這也將極大的推動(dòng)中國(guó)機(jī)械行業(yè)的發(fā)展。經(jīng)過(guò)大量實(shí)踐證明普通機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造具有一定經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實(shí)用性和穩(wěn)定性。所以很多企業(yè)紛紛將現(xiàn)有機(jī)床改造成經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床，這種做法具有投資少、見效快的特點(diǎn)。事實(shí)證明：機(jī)床的數(shù)控化改造可以為企業(yè)帶來(lái)可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造的市場(chǎng)在我國(guó)還有很大的發(fā)展空間，現(xiàn)在我國(guó)機(jī)床數(shù)控化率不到3％。用普通機(jī)床加工出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量差、品種少、檔次低、成本高、供貨期長(zhǎng)，從而在國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，直接影響一個(gè)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品、市場(chǎng)、效益，影響企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展，所以必須大力提高機(jī)床的數(shù)控化率。本文以車床的數(shù)控改造為例，介紹了機(jī)床數(shù)控改造的方法，包括其結(jié)構(gòu)的改造設(shè)計(jì)，性能與精度的選擇以及最后改造方案的確定。關(guān)鍵字：機(jī)床、數(shù)控化、改造、意義AbstractThe NC of lathe as the typical model product in the area of electric mechanism, it is very important in the machine manufacturing industry, so as to resolve the problems of that such as difficult structure, accuracy, low batches, and changeable ponents, meanwhile, it can stabilize the quantity of products, and the productivity can be improved. But in the situation of current enterprise, because of the price of the NC lathe is more expensive, and the onetime investment to the enterprise is more expensive. As a big country of the NC of the lathe, it is a better plan to transform the mon lathe to be a NC lathe. The manufacturing industry is the foundation economy of the national, its development affects the development of each section of national economy directly, also affecting the livelihood of national people39。s policy and the strength of defense power of national, therefore, every country puts the development of the manufacturing industry to be the first position. The trend of the 21`s development of the manufacturing is softness、sensitivity、intelligence and information. But the NC lathe is to realize the basic unit of the manufacturing of the softness、sensitivity、the intelligence and the information. Therefore, the techniques of the NC production is a kind of the new fastest developments of the techniques. In the manufacturing industry, it has an important position and function.It is machine that number control to turn to process the profession toward the high quantity, high accuracy, high finished product rate, the trend of the highefficiency development. Combine the actual state of the nation of our country, the economic number controls the tool machine is an our country from the mon tool machine toward the number controls the tool machine development of and its important step. Make use of the existing and mon tool machine, as to it39。s carry on number39。s control to turn the reformation is a low cost, efficiently the path of the benefit.The lather number controls to turn to reform the important item that the research is the exaltation our country technique material level, under the condition of our country own a great deal of super period to undergo military service currently is nasty to treat with old tool machine of technique more recent, control the lather to process the ability and fund to be subjected to the limit because of the number, carrying on number39。s control to turn to the lather the reformation is 1 to economize the funds, fast up horse of valid path. The number controls the in general use of the tool machine, gentle, adaptability, expand sex, and turn toward intelligence quickly, the network turns the direction development, being current to count to control main direction of the technique development.Keywords: Lathe。 NC(numerical control)。 transform；significance目 錄第1章 數(shù)控化改造的好處第2章 數(shù)控化改造方案 第三章 介紹CA6140普通車床 第一節(jié) 簡(jiǎn)單介紹……………………………………………………4第二節(jié) 加工范圍及特點(diǎn)……………………………………………6 第三節(jié) 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的介紹……………………………………………7 第四章 設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng) 第一節(jié) 設(shè)計(jì)縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)…………………………………………9 第二節(jié) 設(shè)計(jì)橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)…………………………………………18 第五章 改造車床主軸及控制系統(tǒng) 第一節(jié) 改進(jìn)主軸電機(jī)………………………………………………26 第二節(jié) 主軸脈沖編碼器的運(yùn)用……………………………………26 第三節(jié) 改進(jìn)刀架……………………………………………………28 第四節(jié) 改進(jìn)機(jī)床導(dǎo)軌………………………………………………29 第五節(jié) 坐標(biāo)系的建立X、Z軸的限位和參考返回電路……………30 第六節(jié) 安裝用鍵和變頻器…………………………………………31