【正文】 2005一個人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標準可以衡量嗎？提出一個絕對的標準當然很困難；但是，大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真，看他對待勞動、工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當?shù)墓烙嬃恕?古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴肅地對待自己的生命，當他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動、多工作、多學習，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費掉。我國歷代的勞動人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。 How significant is a person s life? Is there any standard to measure it? It will be very difficult to put forward an absolute standard, but in general, the significance of one s existence can be estimated by how he treats his life, by what attitude he takes to work and what ways he chooses to live. From ancient times up to now, all the acplished people treat their lives very seriously. They work and, learn as much as possible. They hate to spend the best of their lives in vain, they do not want to let their time slip by. All the laboring people, great statesmen and thinkers of our country at all ages treasure their time in this way.原文It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most monly we e to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author。 try to bee him. Be his fellow worker and acplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fines, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 英譯漢： 　　然而幾乎沒有什么人會從書中提問：書能給我們什么。最為普遍的是，我們接觸書時懷有一種不甚清晰及與其相抵觸的想法：要求小說必須是真實的，要求詩歌必須是虛構的，要求傳記必須是唱贊歌的，要求歷史必須能夠增強讀者原有的認識。我們讀書時若能驅逐所有這些先入之見，讀書就會有一個良好的開端。不要規(guī)定作家做什么，要設法使自己變成他，變成他的合作者，他的同伙。如果你讀書伊始就猶豫不決，持保留態(tài)度，或者要進行批評，你就不能從閱讀中得到最大益處。如果你能盡量打開思路，那么極細微的美質符號和暗示都會從曲折婉轉的語句中顯現(xiàn)出來，把你引到一個與眾不同的人面前。2003 得病以前，我受父母寵愛，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來。一個春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設宴，一時賓客云集，笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個個喜氣洋洋。一霎時，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來。Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot. I could have my way at home. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a Banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there. I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests. Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.EC原文：In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James, Feminore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest, “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, futuremindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future。 the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to e. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always being, never being.”譯文在其經典小說《開拓者》中，詹姆士菲尼摩爾庫珀讓主人公，一個土地開發(fā)商，帶他的表妹參觀正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了寬闊的街道，林立的房屋，熱鬧的都市。他的表妹環(huán)顧四周，大惑不解。她所看見的只是一片樹林。“你想讓我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪兒啊?”她問道。他見表妹看不到那些東西，感到很驚訝。“哪兒?到處都是啊!”他答道。雖然那些東西還未建成在大地上，但他已在心中將它們建好了。對他來說，它們都是實實在在的，宛如已建成竣工一樣。庫珀這里闡明的是一種典型的美國人特性：著眼于未來，即能夠從未來的角度看待現(xiàn)在；可以自由地不為過去所羈絆，而在情感上更多地依附于未來的事物。正如阿爾伯特愛因斯坦曾經說過的那樣：“對美國人來說，生活總是在發(fā)展變化中，從來不會靜止不變?！豹お?004在人際關系問題上我們不要太浪漫主義。人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個人時首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點。這一點頗像是在餐館里用餐的經驗。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的時候，印象很好。吃頭兩個主菜時，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜，吃完了這頓筵席，缺點就都找出來了。于是轉喜為怒，轉贊美為責備挑剔，轉首肯為搖頭。這是因為，第一，開始吃的時候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糠甜加蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一個餐館，開始舉筷時有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應”。We shouldn’t be too romantic about human relationships. Human beings are funny. Usually, when they meet a person they will first notice his or her merits. It’s just like the experience of dinning in a restaurant. The starter or cold dish will leave you a very good impression. You will be full of praise while eating the firsttwo main courses. The more you eat, the calmer you will bee. At the end of the dinner all the shortings e out. Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nitpicking, and headingnodding to headshaking. This is because: first, you are hungry when you begin eating. When you are hungry, the bran tastes as sweet as honey。 when you are full, even the honey tastes insipid. EC原文：For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it bees increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I am lonely only when I am