【正文】 外文資料翻譯 A study on usability of magnesium oxide with titanium dioxide in PVC door and window profiles1. IntroductionPolyvinyl chloride is among the most widely used synthetic organic polymer materials. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride positions are widely encountered as, for instance,vinyl sheet goods and as objects formed from chloride is mercially available in a variety of grades, some of which are suitable for preparing rigid,plasticizerfree positions for extrusion .For plastics, prolonged exposure to the sun’s electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region can lead to photooxdiation and degradation of physical properties, often manifested by color change and embrittlement. Similarly,the UV ponent of ordinary fluorescent lighting can degrade polymers and many of the additives used with them.The effective UV radiation that does reach the earth’s surface extends from about 290–400 nm. This range happens to include the highest energy ponent UV band, and the segment around 300 nm, which is the most distractive to plastics. Some manmade highenergy radiation sources mercury arc lamps, xenon arcs, carbon arcs, and various sunlamps can emit radiation at wave lengths below 290 nm and these can degrade plastics even more severely than natural sun light. Hence, they are often used for accelerated testing of plastics.The energy content of UV radiation in the 290–400 nm can rupture most of the chemical bonds present in polymer structures. Not all the polymers are equally affected by UV radiation, and some have a degree of resistance, otably polymethyl methacrylates and fluorocarbons. Others, that in their pure forms could be expected to be resistant to UV, are degraded because of contaminants present that act as sites for UV energy absorption.Absorption of radiation energy by polymer produces molecular excitations: if the level of absorbed energy is high enough, it can activate a chemical reaction whereby internal bonds (carbon to carbon, carbon to hydrogen, carbon to halogen, etc.) are broken so that polymer degradation results. PVC is damaged by dehydrochlorination (release of hydrogen chloride), autooxidation and echanochemical chain scission. This degradation is caused by the simultaneous sequence of these reactions.Dehydrochlorination, prevailing reaction during processing,leads to increasing discoloration. In the course of the proceeding degradation the physical properties are also changed in the direction of increasing embrittlement. PVC of ideal constitution should be thermally stable, which was concluded from investigations with model substances. Therefore, it has to be assumed that the damage, articularly the dehydrochlorinations, starts from sites of the macromolecule with labile chlorine–carbon bonds. PVC can be degraded by heat and sun lights. The release of hydrogen chloride, which is the indication of PVC degradation in prolonged exposure to the sun’s electromagnetic radiation in the UV region, is occurred according to the following reactions:The color of PVCbased article is changed from yellow to black according to degrees of the degradation. Once the reaction has started, polymers quickly and progressively experience changes in appearance: surface qualities, gloss, chalking, color, electrical properties, tensile strength and elongation。 and can reach the end points of embrittlement and total disintegration.The degradation of polymers exposed to UV, often described as photodegradation and frequently identified as photooxidation, can follow various routes. By absorbing UV radiation directly, a polymer molecule can reach a highenergy excited state where it bees unstable. If the excess energy can be dissipated in a fashion that does not affect the molecule by making it phosphoresce or fluoresce, or by converting the energy to heat that can be carried away, or by transferring the energy to another molecule, photochemical reaction does not started and thus, polymer degradation will not happen. However, such actions occur only rarely, since most polymers cannot dispose of the excitation energy without undergoing a chemical reacti