【正文】 機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 中文 4935 字 Modern Design and Manufacturing 一、 The Computer and Manufacturing The puter is bringing manufacturing into the Information Age. This new tool, long a familiar one in business and management operations, is moving into the factory, and its advent is changing manufacturing as certainly as the steam engine changed it 100 years ago. The basic metalworking processes are not likely to change fundamentally, but their anization and control definitely will In one respect, manufacturing could be said to be ing full circle. The fist manufacturing was a cottage industry: the designer was also the manufacturer, conceiving and fabricating products one at a time. Eventually, the concept of the interchangeability of parts was developed, production was separated into specialized functions, and identical parts were produced thousands at a time . Today, although the designer and manufacturer may not bee one again, the functions are being drawn close in the movement toward an integrated manufacturing system. It is perhaps ironic that, at a time when the market demands a high degree of product diversification, the necessity for increasing productivity and reducing coats is driving manufacturing toward inegration into a coherent system, a continuous process in which parts do not spent as much as 95% of production time being moved around or waiting to be worked on . The puter is the key to each of these twin requirements. It is the only tool that can provide the quick reflexes, the flexibility and seed, to meet a diversified market. And it is the only tool that enables the detailed analysis and the accessibility of accurate data necessary for the integration of the manufacturing system. It may well be that, in the future, the puter may be essential to a pany’s survial. Many of today’s businesses will fade away to be replaced by moreproductive binations. Such moreproductive binations are superquality, superproductivity plants. The goal is to design and operate a plant that would produce 100% satisfactory parts wich good productivity. A sophisticated, petitive world is requiring that manufacturing begin to settle for more, to bee itself sophisticated. To meet petition, for example, a pany will have to meet the somewhat conflicting demands for greater product diversification, higher quality, improved productivity , higher quality, improved productivity and prices. The pany that seeks to meet these demands will need a sophisticated tool, one that will allow it to respond quickly to customer needs while getting the most out of its manufacturing resources. The puter is that tool. Being a ―superquality, superproductivity‖ plant requires the integration of an extremely plex system .This can be acplished only when all extremely plex system. This can be acplished only when all elements of manufacturingdesign, fabrication and assembly, quality assurance, management, materials handingare puter integrated. In product design, for example, interactive puteraideddesign(CAD) systems allow the drawing and analysis tasks to be performed in a fraction of the time allow the drawing and 機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 analysis tasks to be performed in a fration of the time previously required and greater accuracy. And programs for prototype testing testing and evaluation further speed the design process. In manufacturing planning, puteraided process planning permits the selection, from thousands of possible sequences and schedules,of the optimum process. On the shop floor, distributed intlligence in the form of microprocessors controls, runs automated loading and unloading equipment, and collects data on current shopconditions. But such isolated revolutions are not enough. What is nended is a totally automated system, linked by mon software from front door to back. Essentially, puter integration provides widely and instantaneously available, accurate information, improving munication between departments, permitting tighter control, and generally enhancing the overall quality and efficiency of the entire system. Improved munication can mean, for example, designs that are more producible. The NC programmer and the tool designer have a chang to influence the product designer, and vice versa. Engineering changes,can be reduced,and those that are required can be handled more only dose the puter permit them to be specicified more quickly, but it also alers subsequent users of the data to the fact that a change has bee