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定 語(yǔ) 從 句 一、 定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)介: 作用 起定語(yǔ)的作用 位置 定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞稱為先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后 關(guān)聯(lián)詞 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which 和 that,以及關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 等,在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 種類 定語(yǔ)從句分為 : 限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句兩種 二、 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法 1. 關(guān)系代詞的用法 用法 例子 Who 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ); Whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),有時(shí)可省略; whose 指人或物,在定語(yǔ) 從句中作定語(yǔ)。 Which 指物, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略) The book which was on the desk just now was borrowed from Jim. I’ ve lost the pen which I like best. That 多指物,有時(shí)也指人 , 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),指物時(shí)用法與 which 基本相同。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 The person that telephoned me is a reporter. The watch that I bought yesterday keeps good time.我昨天買的那塊表走得很準(zhǔn)。 先 行 詞 是 不 定 代 詞 everything, nothing,something,all,little,much 等時(shí),用 that,不用 which. I’ ll tell you everything that I know. Millionpound note was all that he had in the world. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞 最高級(jí) 修飾時(shí),用 that, 不用 which. The first thing that you should do is to find a good reference book. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 先行詞被 the only, the very, any, the last, the same, few, all , little, no just, one of 等詞修飾時(shí)。用 that 不用 which. The only thing that worried me was we could not find the right person to do it. 唯一讓我擔(dān)心的是找不到合適的人來(lái)做這件事。 Whom, which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可放在 whom, which 之前,也可以放在從句末,這時(shí)可省略關(guān)系代詞。 I’ m waiting for the woman with whom you talked just now. The town (which) he lives in is far from here. The town in which he lives is far from here. 他住的那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)離這很遠(yuǎn)。 That 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放在 that 之前,只能放在從句末, 這時(shí) that 往往可省略。 The man (that) you talked about has e to our school. 你們談起過(guò)的那個(gè)人到我們學(xué)校來(lái)了。 : 三、 限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。 用法 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 區(qū)別 1 是先行詞不可缺少的修飾部分,如果省略,主句的意思就不完整或不明確。 是先行詞的補(bǔ)充或附加說(shuō)明,如果省略,主句的意思依然清楚。 例子 1 The bag (which) you bought yesterday is very nice. 你昨天買的那個(gè)包很漂亮 I bought a bag yesterday, which is very nice. 我昨天買了一個(gè)包,那色很漂亮。 區(qū)別 2 與主句不能用逗號(hào)分開 用逗號(hào)與主句分開 例子 2 I like the story you told me. 我喜歡你給我講的那個(gè)故事。 Shakespeare, whose plays are popular, was a great writer. 莎士比亞是偉大的作家, 他的 戲劇 很受歡迎。 區(qū)別 3 先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或代詞 先行詞是一個(gè)詞,也可以是部分主句或整個(gè)主句,這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用 which. 例子 3 Thank you for the help you have given me. 感謝你對(duì)我的幫助。 Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light. 竹子中間是空的,這使它很輕。 區(qū)別 4 可以用 that 引導(dǎo) 不可用 that 引導(dǎo),指人時(shí)要用 who。 例子 4 The thing that had run away was caught again. My son, who studies biology, is now working in London. 區(qū)別 5 關(guān)聯(lián)詞可省略 關(guān)聯(lián)詞一般不能省略 例子 5 The bicycle (that) my uncle bought me was very expensive. 我叔叔給我買的那輛自行車很貴。 My bicycle, which my uncle bought me, was very expensive. 我那輛自行車很貴,那是我叔叔給我買的。 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明: 1. 以 who, which 開頭的句子 為 避免重復(fù),只用 t