【正文】 摘 要 I 摘要 土壤有機碳在緩和氣候變化、改善土壤質(zhì)量方面作用巨大，本文對延慶縣高廟屯小流域內(nèi)的土壤有機碳儲量進(jìn)行了估算，及對其空間分布進(jìn)行了研究。采取典型取樣法在流域內(nèi)選取土樣點 126 個，其中 101 個取樣點分 0～ 20cm， 20～ 40cm 取樣，獲取土樣樣本 202 個，另外 21 個樣點只取 0～ 20cm 層土壤（因山上土層平均厚度只有20cm）。對樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)果表明：（ 1）流域內(nèi)土壤平均有機碳含量均為中等強度變異，兩層土壤有機碳含量差異顯著（ P），隨著土層深度增加而減??；兩層土壤有機碳最優(yōu)模型均為指數(shù)模型，具有很強的空間相關(guān)性； 0～ 20cm 層土壤有機碳呈現(xiàn)帶狀分布， 20～ 40cm 層土壤有機碳含量空間分布呈現(xiàn)出帶狀分布兼帶有少量斑塊，兩層土壤有機碳值基本呈現(xiàn)一致性。（ 2）質(zhì)地對土壤有機碳含量有顯著影響，0～ 20cm 土壤層土壤有機碳與粘粒含量呈現(xiàn)極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)， 20～ 40cm 土壤層土壤有機碳與砂粒含量呈現(xiàn)顯著負(fù)相關(guān)，與粉粒含量量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)， 0～ 20cm 層土壤中，砂壤土與粘壤土差異顯著（ P），壤土壤與粘壤土差異顯著（ P） ；土壤有機碳含量與高程呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系；有機碳含量在不同高程中存在顯著差異（ P），兩層土壤中有機碳含量在不同坡度存在顯著差異（ P）而與坡向無關(guān)； 0～ 20cm、 20～ 40cm 土壤有機碳與其對應(yīng)的含水量都呈現(xiàn)極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系，且不同等級范圍內(nèi)的含水量下的土壤有機碳差異顯著； 0～ 20cm 土壤中，耕地、林地、草地、園地其土壤有機碳含量與水分均呈現(xiàn)極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系， 20～ 40cm 土壤中耕地、林地、園地的土壤有機碳含量與其相應(yīng)的含水量呈現(xiàn)極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系；（ 3） 0～ 20cm層土壤有機碳含量平均值為林 地 草地 耕地 其他土地利用類型 園地，林地與耕地、草地、園地有機碳含量差異顯著（ P）； 20～ 40cm 層中其大小關(guān)系則表現(xiàn)為林地 其他類型用地 耕地 草地 園地，此層土壤只有林地與園地土壤有機碳差異顯著（ P）；兩層土壤間有機碳含量表現(xiàn)出耕地、林地差異顯著（ P）。本研究區(qū)內(nèi) 0～ 40cm 層土壤有機碳密度為 kg?m2，這要比徐國策等研究的鸚鵡溝小流域平均土壤有機碳密度 kg?m2 要高出 %，比林培松等、 Weijun Fu 等研究各自研究區(qū)的 040cm 土壤有 機碳密度 (分別為 kg?m2 和 kg?m2) 要低，這可能與氣溫、水分、土地利用有關(guān)系。蟻偉明等的有關(guān)于闊葉林研究結(jié)果表明：高溫和水分會對土壤碳存儲能力有限制作用，本研究區(qū)屬于大陸性季風(fēng)氣候，其平均氣溫和降水摘 要 II 量均沒有徐國策所研究的研究區(qū)高，使得其有機物質(zhì)的代謝相對較慢，相比之下更有利于有機碳的積累。而林培松等、 Weijun Fu 等研究區(qū)降水和氣溫雖然比本研究區(qū)要高，但是其立地類型屬于林地，而本研究區(qū)立地類型為混合類型，從而導(dǎo)致本研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤有機碳密度要較低。此外，植被情況、土地利用歷史等 因素也可能造成土壤有機碳儲量的差異，有待進(jìn)一步研究。 關(guān)鍵字：土壤有機碳 碳儲量 空間分布 地形 質(zhì)地 水分 土地利用方式 摘 要 III The soil anic carbon storage and spatial distribution characteristic study under small watershed of Gao Miao Tun Master Candidate： Xu Guilai (Major： Soil and water conservation and desertification control) Directed by Zhang Hongjiang ABSTRACT SOC plays an impotant role in mitigating climate change and improving soil quality. In this paper, we have estimated the soil anic carbon under small watershed of Gao Miao Tun in Yanqing and studied their spatial distribution. Typical sampling method was used in the study to take 126 sample plots, Including 101 sample plots having 0～ 20cm and 20～ 40cm layers and 21 sample plots only having 0～ 20cm layer. We obtained one sample from every layer of every sample plot, totally 223 samples. The result of the analysed samples showed that (1) the mean soil anic carbon content under the small watershed has moderate intensity variation. The difference of the mean soil anic carbon content under two different layers was significant (p ) and that will decrease with the depth increase. The optimal models of the soil anic carbon in two soil layers were exponential and the soil anic carbon in two soil layers has a strong spatial correlation； The soil anic carbon distribution under 0～ 20cm layer was presenting ribbon while presenting ribbon with a little bit of Plaque under 20～ 40cm layer. The soil anic carbon under two soil layers presents the basic consistency parcel areaparcel area. (2) Texture has significant effect on soil anic carbon 0～ 20cm layer, SOC was significantly(P) negative correlation with clay content and a negative correlation was presented between SOC and sand content while positive between SOC and clay content. In 0～ 20cm layer, the differences of sandy loam and clay loam、 loam soil and clay loam were significant (P). In 0～ 20cm layer, soil anic carbon content showed very significant positive correlation (p) with elevation and significant difference (P) in different elevation. In the two layers, there were significant differences among the soil anic carbon content of different slope (P) while no 摘 要 IV significant differences among that of different aspect (sunny、 shady and flat). There were very significant correlation (p) between the soil anic carbon content and their corresponding water content and significant differences among the soil anic carbon content under different levels within the range of moisture content. In 0～ 20cm layer, the soil anic carbon content of cultivated land、woodland、 grassland and garden showed very significant correlation (p) with their corresponding water content. In 20～ 40cm layer, the correlations between them were the same as 0～ 20cm layer except the grassland. In 0～ 20cm layer, the soil anic carbon content showed that woodland grassland cultivated land other types of land use garden. The soil anic carbon content in woodland showed significant differences with that of in cultivated land 、 grassland and garden（ P） . In 0～ 20cm layer, the soil anic carbon content showed that woodland other types of land use cultivated land grassland garden. Only a siginifiant difference（ P） was observed in SOC between woodland and garden in this was siginifiant difference（ P） showed in the SOC of two layers between cultivated land and mean SOC density of 0～ 40cm layer in the study area was kg?m2, which was % higher than that ( kg?m2) of Yingwugou Watershed whose researcher was Guoce Xu and lower than that ( kg?m2and kg?m2) of where were studied by Peisong Lin and Weijun Fu. The reason of the phenomenon may be that SOC content was correlation with temperature、 moisture and land use .There was a conclusion on broad leaved forest obtained by Weiming Yi showed that high temperature and moisture would limit the carbon maintaining capacity of mean temperature and moisture in the study area who belongs to continental monsoon climate were all lower than that of the area studied by Guoce Xu which made the metabolism slower, more using for the SOC reason of the contrary phenomenon in the area studied by Peisong Lin and Weijun Fu may be determined by the land use which was woodland in the area studied by Peisong Lin and Weijun Fu while mixed type in the study addition, the fators such as vegation or history of land use can also contribute the difference which need to be further research. Key word： soil anic carbon carbon storage spatial distribution topotraphy texture moisture land use type材料