【正文】 魚病防治技術(shù)講義 第 1 頁 共 56 頁 《 魚病防治技術(shù) 》 講義 李修峰 2022/8 魚病防治技術(shù)講義 第 2 頁 共 56 頁 魚病防治技術(shù)目錄 1 水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物疾病的診斷 ....................................................................................... 6 調(diào)查詢問 ......................................................................................................... 6 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察 ......................................................................................................... 6 了解水質(zhì)變化 ....................................................................................... 6 觀察水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物在水中的活動(dòng) ....................................................... 6 魚體檢查 ......................................................................................................... 7 目檢： ................................................................................................... 7 鏡檢： ................................................................................................... 8 用免疫學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)方法檢測(cè) ................................................................. 8 對(duì)懷疑是中毒或營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良引起的疾病，應(yīng)對(duì)水質(zhì)和餌料進(jìn)行檢查 ......... 8 2 如何科學(xué)合理的使用藥物 ....................................................................................... 8 常用漁藥的分類及各類禁藥 ......................................................................... 8 抗菌類藥物 ........................................................................................... 9 水體消毒劑 ........................................................................................... 9 抗寄生蟲藥物 ..................................................................................... 10 抗真菌藥物 .......................................................................................... 11 抗病毒藥物 .......................................................................................... 11 環(huán)境改良劑 .......................................................................................... 11 調(diào)節(jié)代謝及促生長(zhǎng) .............................................................................. 11 生物制品和免疫激活劑。 .................................................................. 11 對(duì)癥選藥與正確用藥 ................................................................................... 12 用藥量的確定與合理給藥 ........................................................................... 13 聯(lián)合用藥與合理配伍 ................................................................................... 15 3 漁藥的生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用知識(shí) ............................................................................................. 17 殺藻藥物： ................................................................................................... 17 菊酯類殺蟲藥： ........................................................................................... 17 含氯、溴消毒劑： ....................................................................................... 17 殺蟲藥 (敵百蟲除外 )或硫酸銅： ................................................................ 17 外用消毒、殺蟲藥： ................................................................................... 17 魚病防治技術(shù)講義 第 3 頁 共 56 頁 阿維菌素溶液： ........................................................................................... 17 內(nèi)服殺蟲藥： ............................................................................................... 18 外用殺蟲藥： ............................................................................................... 18 辛硫磷： ....................................................................................................... 18 碘制劑、季銨鹽制劑： ............................................................................. 18 一水硫酸鋅： ............................................................................................. 18 代森銨和代森錳鋅： ................................................................................. 18 維生素 C： ................................................................................................ 18 硫酸亞鐵： ................................................................................................. 18 硫酸乙酰苯胺： ......................................................................................... 18 硫酸銅： ..................................................................................................... 18 敵百蟲： ..................................................................................................... 19 高錳酸鉀： ................................................................................................. 19 陽離子表面活性消毒劑： ......................................................................... 19 鹽酸氯苯胍： ............................................................................................. 19 阿維菌素、伊維菌素： ............................................................................. 19 季銨鹽碘： ................................................................................................. 19 海因類： ..................................................................................................... 19 4 水質(zhì)管理 ................................................................................................................. 19 養(yǎng)魚先養(yǎng)水，好水養(yǎng)好魚 ........................................................................... 19 溶解氧 ——水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物生命要素 ................................................................... 21 養(yǎng)殖（育苗）水體溶氧要求 ............................................................. 21 造成溶氧不足的因素 ......................................................................... 21 引起魚、蝦浮頭的原因 ..................................................................... 22 魚蝦缺氧時(shí)的反應(yīng) ............................................................................. 23 溶氧與其它有毒物質(zhì)的關(guān)系 ............................................................. 23 如何增氧？ ......................................................................................... 24 pH 值 ——水質(zhì)狀況的晴雨表 ..................................................................... 24 水質(zhì) pH 值的控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ..............................