【正文】 I 湖南農(nóng)村雷電災(zāi)害防御研究 韓君 湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 II 摘 要 雷電 是生活中常見的 自然災(zāi)害，一旦發(fā)生就帶來非常嚴(yán)重的損失 ，如危及人們的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn) 安全 。近些年來，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了迅速的發(fā)展，城市地區(qū)的防雷技術(shù)得到了有效的提高，但是對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展比較落后的農(nóng)村地區(qū)來說， 其雷電防御工作的成效還非常差，不能夠滿足新時(shí)代農(nóng)村發(fā)展的步伐。 湖南省位于長江中下游地區(qū)，受地形和氣候環(huán)境的影響，雷電發(fā)生的概率非常高，再加上農(nóng)村地區(qū)防雷工作不到位，農(nóng)民防雷意識(shí)和觀念比較匱乏，在雷電天氣發(fā)生時(shí)不能夠采取正確的防雷措施，給農(nóng)村 居民的生活和 生產(chǎn)帶來了較大的損失，因此必須加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)防雷減災(zāi)工作。 本文 對(duì)湖南農(nóng)村雷電災(zāi)害防御工作 的現(xiàn)狀，存在的問題以及可以采取的改進(jìn) 對(duì)策進(jìn)行了探討 。 文章 首先介紹了論文研究的背景 、目的 和意義，以及 國內(nèi)外雷電災(zāi)害情況及防雷措施； 其次論文闡述了湖南農(nóng)村地區(qū)雷電災(zāi)害的類型以及危害 ；分析 雷電災(zāi)害 事故 發(fā)生的主要原因 ； 通過對(duì)國外農(nóng)村防雷經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分析，結(jié)合我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)雷電防御工作的具體情況需要采取的有效措施； 最后總結(jié)了湖南雷電災(zāi)害管理中存在的問題和可以采取的改進(jìn)策略。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：農(nóng)村地區(qū)；雷電災(zāi)害；防御策略 III Abstract Lightning disaster is a kind of natural disasters, it will bring severe losses to people39。s life and property in the event. In recent years, economy is rapid development in our country, the urban areas of the lightning protection technology has been effectively improved, but the lightning protection work is also very poor in economy undevelopment rural areas, can39。t keep up with the pace of rural development, lead to all sorts of lightning disasters occur frequently. In hunan province is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region, lightning occurrence probability is very high due to the influence of terrain and climate environment, also farmers lack of lightning protection they can not reach the designated position in lightning, consciousness and the concept of parison, they can39。t take correct lightning protection measures in lightning weather, all of this brought great losses to the livelihood and production to the rural people, so we must strengthen the lightning protection and disaster mitigation work in rural areas. In this paper we discussed the lightning defense work in the countryside in the region the status quo in rural areas, existing problems and the improvement that can take countermeasures, etc. First introduced the thesis research background, purpose and significance, as well as rural status quo at home and abroad of the study of lightning protection and disaster mitigation work, get the main content of this thesis research。 Secondly the paper expounds the types and harm of lightning disasters in hunan rural areas。 The main reason for the analysis of lightning disaster accident。 Through the analysis of foreign experience, bining the concrete situation of our rural areas of prevention of lightning needs to take effective measures。 Finally summarizes the problems of lightning disaster management in hunan and can take improvement strategy. Key words: rural areas。 Thunder and lightning disasters。 Defense strategy 湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 4 目 錄 第 1 章 引言 .......................................................................................................................... 1 研究背景 ........................................................................................................................ 1 研究的背景 ............................................................................................................. 1 研究的目的 ............................................................................................................. 1 研究的意義 ............................................................................................................. 2 國內(nèi)外雷電災(zāi)害情況及防雷措施研究 ........................................................................ 2 國外雷電災(zāi)害及防雷措施研究情況 (需要國外的作者文獻(xiàn)資料 ,注釋按先后順序進(jìn)行 ) ...................................................................................................................... 2 國內(nèi)雷電災(zāi)害、分布特征及農(nóng)村防雷措施研究情況 ......................................... 4 研究方法 ........................................................................................................................ 7 第 2 章 理論基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................................................. 8 雷擊的概念以及雷電災(zāi)害防護(hù) .................................................................................... 8 雷擊的概念 ............................................................................................................. 8 雷擊產(chǎn)生的形式及雷擊侵入的途徑 ..................................................................... 8 雷擊的選擇性 ......................................................................................................... 9 雷擊的危害 ........................................................................................................... 10 雷擊的防護(hù)措施 .......................................................................................................... 12 防雷管理 ...................................................................................................................... 15 災(zāi)害以及災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論 .................................................................................. 15 第 3 章 湖南省農(nóng)村雷電特征與事故統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 ................................................................ 17 湖南省地理氣候特征 .................................................................................................. 17 雷電分布特征 .............................................................................................................. 17 雷電空間分布特征 ............................................................................................... 17 閃電與雷暴對(duì)比特征 ........................................................................................... 18 雷暴日數(shù)的年際分布特征 ................................................................................... 21 雷災(zāi)月際變化特征 ............................................................................................... 21 目錄 5 雷暴時(shí)數(shù)的日分布特征 ....................................................................................... 22 湖南省雷電災(zāi)害事故典型案例與統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 .............................................................. 22 湖南省雷電災(zāi)害事故典型案例 ........................................................................... 22 雷電災(zāi)害事故統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 ..........................................................