【正文】 學號： 07412225 常 州 大 學 畢 業(yè) 設 計 （ 論 文 ） （ 2022 屆） 題 目 重氣泄漏擴散模擬及應急救援 學 生 薛云龍 學 院 環(huán)境與安全工程學院 專業(yè)班級 安 全 072班 校內指導教師 王 新穎 專業(yè)技術職務 講 師 校外指導老師 專業(yè)技術職務 二 ○ 一一 年 六 月I 重氣泄漏擴散模擬及應急救援 摘 要 ： 重氣 泄漏擴散事故是經(jīng)常發(fā)生且危害較大的一種事故形式，由于重氣的密度大于空氣，因此重氣往往沿地面擴散，泄放物質進入人體將引起中毒事故，若泄放物質被點燃或引爆將引起大規(guī)模的燃燒爆炸事故。雖然人們對重氣泄漏擴散所造成的危害十分重視，但由于缺乏足夠有效的數(shù)據(jù) 來 提供人們作風險評估及預防改善措施，因此采用數(shù)學模型進行模擬是必要的。 應在生 產(chǎn)過程中，加強管理，強化生產(chǎn)者的安全生產(chǎn)教育。分析了泄漏擴散事故的七大影響因素，提取并建立了泄漏事故模式，并對各種事故模式的泄漏機理和發(fā)生條件進行了研究分析。通過試驗研究得出在實際環(huán)境中大氣主導風的風速，泄漏方向對氣體擴散濃度分布有重大的影響，泄漏氣體在下風向擴散的最快。靜風時，隨著時間的增加，空間各點的濃度有升高的趨勢；在穩(wěn)定風流中，空間各點的濃度隨時間的變化不明顯，可以認為是穩(wěn)態(tài)的。泄漏的氣體在下風向擴散的最快，在現(xiàn)場一旦發(fā)生天燃氣泄漏，應綜合考慮泄漏源的方向和該點當時的風向，風速等因素，及時準確預測泄 漏氣體可能擴散到危險區(qū)域，做好應對措施。 關鍵詞 ： 相似理論；泄漏模型；泄漏擴散模式 ； 示蹤法 ； 重氣；應急救援； II Heavy gas leak dispersion modeling and emergency rescue Abstract ： As it is wellknown, many industrial and domestic gases are toxic and flammable are stored in highlypressurized vessels at liquefied state with ambient temperature. If there is by chance a sudden release, it often forms heavythanair vapour. The accident release and dispersion of toxic and flammable heavy gas can present a serious risk to the public’s safety and to the environment. Disease may be caused when the flammable heavy gases are lit. Although great attention has been paid to the hazard of heavy gas dispersion, effective data of filed experiments are still insufficient to make risk assessment and precaution. Through the statistical analysis, draw a conclusion that chemical system in production, transportation and storage process, should first consideration and control of hazardous chemicals, and summarizes the characteristics of the leak diffusion process performance. Subjective factors, equipment inherent defect caused by leakage on China39。s chemical system is the main reason of the accident. In the process of production, should be strengthen management, strengthen the education of production safety producer. Analysis of the seven factors affecting diffusion of leakage accident, to extract and established the patterns of the leakage accident, and various and leakage accident modes mechanism and the conditions were studied and analyzed. Through the experimental study on practical environment atmosphere that dominated the wind, the wind of gas leakage direction spread concentration distribution, has enormous influence on the spread of gas leakage next wind fastest. Static, as time flies, the space increased concentration of the each point of the trend. In the stable romantic, space the concentration of each point does not change significantly over time, can be considered a steady. Leak gas diffusion next wind fastest, on the site once produce natural gas leak, should be taken into account in the direction and point source leaking the wind direction, wind speed at factors such as timely and accurate prediction leakage, gas may be spread to dangerous area, pletes the countermeasures. Key words： Theory of similarity。 Leakage model； Leakage diffusion mode； Trace method； heavy gas； Emergency rescue III 摘要 Ⅰ 目次 Ⅲ 1 緒論 1 研究背景 1 研究意義 2 國內外研究現(xiàn)狀 3 課題的研究方法和內容 4 研究方法 5 研究內容 5 論文的關鍵技術及難點 5 2 重氣的泄漏擴散過程 7 7 重氣云的形成 7 重氣的擴散過程 8 危險氣體泄漏擴散模型 9 高斯模型 9 LAB模型 10 Sutton 模型 11 FEM3模型 11 箱式重氣模型 12 小結 14 3 重氣泄漏事故原因分析1